秦操 楊榮武



摘要:為解決復(fù)雜水域的船舶自主避碰問(wèn)題,提出一種基于A*算法的慎思型避碰軌跡規(guī)劃算法,旨在滿足船舶操縱性約束、靜態(tài)與動(dòng)態(tài)障礙物約束和《國(guó)際海上避碰規(guī)則》(International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea,COLREGs)約束下,規(guī)劃出一條最經(jīng)濟(jì)的航行軌跡。通過(guò)無(wú)人三體船自主避碰試驗(yàn)和模擬試驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證算法的有效性,具有較高的參考價(jià)值。
關(guān)鍵詞:船舶; 自主避碰; 慎思型軌跡規(guī)劃; COLREGs; 操縱性約束
中圖分類號(hào):? U675.73
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A
Deliberative collision avoidance trajectory planning for complex waters
QIN Cao1, YANG Rongwu2
(1. Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,
Shanghai 200240, China; 2. Seastel Marine System (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200241, China)
Abstract:
To solve the problem of ship autonomous collision avoidance in complex waters, a deliberative collision avoidance trajectory planning algorithm based on A* algorithm is proposed, which aims to plan a most economical sailing trajectory with the ship maneuverability constraints, static and dynamic obstacle constraints as well as International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs) constraints. The effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by the unmaned trimaran autonomous collision avoidance test and the simulation test, which has high reference value.
Key words:
ship; autonomous collision avoidance; deliberative trajectory planning; COLREGs; maneuverability constraint
0 引 言
近年來(lái)海上碰撞事故頻發(fā),不僅造成了巨大的人員傷亡和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,還帶來(lái)了嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境污染。歐洲海事安全局發(fā)布的《2017海上事故年度回顧報(bào)告》顯示,海上事故的一半為船舶碰撞及擱淺事故,其中60%以上是人的因素造成的[1]。為避免人因事故,船舶自主避碰系統(tǒng)的研究受到越來(lái)越多的關(guān)注[2]。另外,隨著無(wú)人商船技術(shù)的發(fā)展,各國(guó)船級(jí)社陸續(xù)發(fā)布了有關(guān)規(guī)范,其中中國(guó)船級(jí)社《智能船舶規(guī)范》[3]第2.6節(jié)要求智能船舶應(yīng)具有在狹窄水道自動(dòng)避碰的能力,以及在復(fù)雜環(huán)境條件下自主航行的能力?!蹲灾髫浳镞\(yùn)輸船舶指南》[4]第3.3.1節(jié)也提出了自主貨船應(yīng)根據(jù)感知到的場(chǎng)景信息和船舶自身信息進(jìn)行綜合分析決策,并遵守《國(guó)際海上避碰規(guī)則》(International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, COLREGs)。因此,對(duì)船舶自主避碰系統(tǒng)的研發(fā)和改進(jìn)也越來(lái)越迫切。
軌跡規(guī)劃是船舶自主避碰系統(tǒng)的核心,其目標(biāo)是給出一條無(wú)碰撞危險(xiǎn)的、動(dòng)力學(xué)可行的、滿足航行規(guī)則的、最經(jīng)濟(jì)的軌跡來(lái)引導(dǎo)船舶安全航行。規(guī)劃算法需要滿足操縱性約束、障礙物約束、COLREGs約束和實(shí)時(shí)性約束,并達(dá)到最優(yōu)軌跡規(guī)劃目標(biāo)[2]。……