姜琳琳 汪佩文 徐方雯
【摘要】文化差異往往造成翻譯的不可譯,而其主要體現在帶有文化含義的語項翻譯上。本文將通過對上饒旅游景點——靈山風景區景點翻譯實例中的文化負載詞進行界定、分類,根據文本和語境對文化負載詞翻譯策略和變通方法的選擇進行一定的分析和探討,以期傳達翻譯功效。
【關鍵詞】上饒靈山風景區;文化負載詞;翻譯策略
【作者簡介】姜琳琳,汪佩文,徐方雯,上饒師范學院外國語學院。
【基金項目】本論文獲上饒師范學院校級自選課題項目(201723)支持。
靈山風景區景點介紹文本中包含大量文化負載詞,筆者在梳理和分析后認為,具體可分為三大類,并就各類別翻譯提出策略和變通方法。
一、 文化負載詞分類
1.人名、地名、朝代、年號、別號等專名類。此類專名翻譯涉及幾個問題:
(1)起介紹性作用的專名翻譯:由于目的語讀者對中國古代的人名、地名、朝代、年號名等不甚了解,其雖起介紹性作用,筆者在處理時仍采用了“翻譯+注釋”的方法,以期更好地傳播文化及內涵。
【例1】這段源自辛棄疾《沁園春·靈山齊庵賦》中傳神的描述,正是歷代文人墨客對江西上饒靈山出神入化、惟妙惟肖的生動刻畫。
【譯1】The vivid depiction is excerpted from “Prose for Qi Nunnery in Mt. Lingshan - to the tune of Qin Yuan Chun”, written by Xin Qiji, a great poet in the Southern Song Dynasty(1127-1279 A.D.). It is an ode to the splendor of Mt. Lingshan from the intellectuals and poets of past dynasties.
【例2】其中南宋辛棄疾贊美靈山之詞作最為著名,明大學士夏言也盛贊靈山“九華五老虛攬結、不及靈山秀色多”。
【譯2】Xin Qijis poem was the most renowned in the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279 A.D.). Xia Yan, a Grand Scholar in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 A.D.) praised Mt.Lingshan, “Mt. Jiuhua together with Mt. Wulao is incomparable to Mt. Lingshan in its beauty”.
(2)缺少通名的專名翻譯。由于漢語本身邏輯模糊的特點,此類專名中缺少界定屬性的通名,在翻譯介紹專名的同時,應該補出通名,不然會造成信息的缺失。
【例3】驅車前往距景區5分鐘車程,以浪漫花海為魂,以美麗田園為韻的花千谷。
【譯3】A five-minute drive takes tourists to Huaqiangu( Flower Valley), an eco-friendly scenic spot where tourists can enjoy a fragrant and jolly tour amidst a romantic sea of flowers and vast gorgeous fields.
【例4】夜游玉龍盤山公路,宿靈山半山腰上的木林深舍。
【譯4】In the evening, tourists have a night visit along the Yulong Hilly Road and stay in Deep Woods Youth Hostel(木林深舍) on the hillside.
(3)運用到內涵義的專名翻譯。有些專名在案例中除了起介紹性作用外,還傳達了文本中的深層含義,或者說是內涵意義,筆者認為在翻譯這類詞時除了要翻譯出表面義,還要補充說明其內涵義。
【例5】靈山有幾十處洞穴景觀,主要有養真巖、迷仙巖洞穴群、花巖洞穴群、烏鴉弄母子巖、夾層靈山洞穴群等。此外,靈山還有奇特的冰凌壁和回音壁。
【譯5】Dozens of caves can be seen, among which are Yangzhen Cave (Cave for peaceful mind), MiXianyan Caves (Cave where even immortals may get lost), Granite Cave Group, WuYanong Cave (deep and dark cave inhabited by ravens), Interlayer Cave Group, etc. Apart from that, there exist abundant marvelous ice-cold and echoing walls in the area.
【例6】靈山的清泉形成眾多的池塘與深潭,主要有石屏峰龍池、天池、上下天塘、南峰塘等。
【譯6】With running spring water, numerous ponds and pools are formed which include: Shiping Peak Dragon Pool, Heaven Pond, Shang Xiatian Pool(Heavens water coming down to the earth) , South Peak Pool, etc.
2.宣傳口號類。漢語中的宣傳口號類詞語,能較明確地傳達內容,并與內容有一定的邏輯關聯性。筆者認為在翻譯此類詞語時,應根據意義進行直譯或一定程度上的轉述或改寫。
【例7】賓館位于上饒市擁有“八百畝城市心肺地”之稱的龍潭湖公園內。
【譯7】Longtan Lake with an area of 800 mu (132 acres) has been called “A retreat for the heart and a lung for the city”.
【例8】上饒市地處浙贛閩案四省交匯處,自古就有“四省通衢要沖,江浙第一門戶”的美譽!
【譯8】Shangrao is located in the junction of four provinces of Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian and Anhui, referred to as “the important transportation hub for four provinces and the first gate to Jiangxi and Zhejiang” since the ancient time.
【例9】這里,就是奇石海洋,心靈之山——江西上饒靈山。
【譯9】Here is Mt. Lingshan, in Shangrao, Jiangxi-- Spiritual Mountain, Wondrous Rocks.
3.具有文化特色的語項翻譯。很多特色詞在翻譯傳達中不能只考慮介紹性作用,而要傳達詞匯中的內涵意義。筆者通過分析認為,翻譯處理此類詞語更多地會運用到翻譯的創造性,但在創造的同時,也應盡量參照原文。
【例10】萬千怪石密布,世之罕見,是怪石之大觀園。
【譯10】As a garden of randomly scattered rocks, Mt. Lingshan tourist attraction is most worthy of visiting.
【例11】靈山巖洞多為崩塌后巖塊堆積形成,多為歷代僧道修真悟禪寶地。
【譯11】Caves, deposited by collapsed granite, have been the sanctuaries for Buddhist monks and Taoist priests in search of truth.
【例12】始建于東漢建武年間的靈山石人殿,在石人峰下,為靈山龍脈結穴處。
【譯12】The Stoneman (Shiren) Temple, lying at the foot of Stoneman (Shiren) Peak, was built during Jian Wu reign of the Eastern Han Dynasty(25-220 A.D.) and was regarded as the gathering spot of vigor in these dragonlike ridges (Mountain ridges are considered Longmai in Chinese Fengshui).
【例13】殿內香火鼎盛,自唐迄今,歷經千余年,久盛不衰。
【譯13】The temple has always been filled with incense since the Tang Dynasty (618-907A.D.) when a booming pilgrimage started.
【例14】在周易學說里,均有四大靈神,分別是青龍、白虎、朱雀、玄武,也稱“四護衛神”。
【譯14】According to Chinese folklore and “The Book of Changes”, there are four spiritual immortals, namely the Dragon, the White Tiger, The Phoenix, and the Tortoise Encircled by a Serpent.
【例15】玄武神可以鎮宅、化煞、辟邪氣、保平安。相傳,玄武是太上老君八十二化身。
【譯15】The Tortoise Encircled by a Serpent is also called Zhenwu which is the Taoist immortal to protect the house from evil spirits, ward off goblins, exorcise demons and ensure safety. According to legend, this immortal is the 82nd incarnation of the Supreme Lord Lao Tse.
二、 翻譯策略總結
筆者通過上述的案例分析,對上饒旅游景點靈山風景區外宣文本中文化負載詞的翻譯策略進行了簡要的總結,主要有如下幾點:拼音譯法;拼音+說明性翻譯;不譯;說明性翻譯+補充翻譯;改譯法。
在采用這些翻譯策略時,主要考查了詞語在文本中的表述功能和表述意義,詞語翻譯傳達過程中,目的語讀者的認知和接受程度,詞語中文化信息的特性(模糊性、歧義性、重要或非重要性)。
參考文獻:
[1]袁曉寧.外宣英譯的策略及其理據[J].中國翻譯,2005(01).