王秀鳳
1. a little 一點;少量
a little意為“一點;少量”,相當于kind of,可以修飾形容詞或副詞,在句中作狀語。a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞, 意為“有點兒”。如:
I feel a little tired today. 今天我感到有點累。
There is a little water in the glass. 杯子里還有點水。
辨析:a little & little
a little表示肯定意義, 意為“數(shù)量雖不多,但是還有一點”;little表示否定意義,意為“數(shù)量很少或幾乎沒有”。如:
There is a little tea in the cup. 茶杯里有點茶。
There is little tea in the cup. 茶杯里幾乎沒有茶。
2. glasses n. 眼鏡
glasses意為“眼鏡”時,無單數(shù)形式。如:
a pair of glasses 一副眼鏡; wear glasses 戴眼鏡
【拓展】 glass用作名詞,可意為“玻璃”,是不可數(shù)名詞,沒有復數(shù)形式;還可指“玻璃杯”,此時為可數(shù)名詞,其復數(shù)形式為glasses。如:
a glass of water 一杯水;two glasses of milk 兩杯牛奶;two glasses 兩支玻璃杯
3. maybe, may be
maybe用作副詞,意為“可能,大概,或許”,在句中作狀語,常位于句首,而may be是“情態(tài)動詞may+be動詞”構(gòu)成,意為“可能是,也許是”,在句中作謂語。如:
She may be at home. = Maybe she is at home. 她可能在家。
It may be her handbag. = Maybe it is her handbag. 或許這是她的手提包。
4. people, person
people作“人”講時,是集合名詞,表示復數(shù)概念。表示“一個人”時,不用people。當表示兩個以上的人時,可用people。如:twenty people二十個人。
person是個體名詞,它泛指man,woman或child中的任何一個,其復數(shù)形式是persons,但人們習慣用 people代替persons。 “一個人”常譯作a person,而需要說明一個人的性別時,要用a man 或 a woman來表示。如:
Who is the youngest person in your class? 你們班里年齡最小的人是誰?
There are four people in Jim's family. 吉姆家有四口人。
The person under the tree is of medium height. 樹下這個人中等身高。
【拓展】 people還可譯作“民族”,有單、復數(shù)之分。如:a people一個民族。
There are 56 peoples in China. 中國有56個民族。
5. each, every
each可作形容詞或代詞。
(1) 修飾名詞單數(shù)形式,指個別的人或物,強調(diào)個體,謂語用單數(shù)。如:
Each day is better than the one before. 一天比一天好。
(2) 表示同一個物體的兩個部分。如:
There are many trees on each side of the street. 街道的每一邊有許多樹。
(3) each of+名詞復數(shù)形式作主語,意為“眾多者中的每一個”,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如:
Each of my friends gave me presents on my birthday. 在我生日時,我的朋友每人都送了我禮物?!?br>