V-ing形式作主語和賓語用法探究

夏雪

一、V-ing形式作主語

1. 動名詞作主語時，表示一般行為，謂語動詞用單數。如：

Joan?s being married to Mike made her parents very angry. 瓊和麥克的結婚使她的父母很生氣。

Collecting information is very important to businessmen. 搜集信息對于一個商人來說是非常重要的。

Doing morning exercises is good for health. 做早操對健康有好處。

Seeing is believing. 眼見為實。

2. 在下面的句型中，it是形式主語，動名詞作真正的主語：It?s no use / good+V-ing.;It?s a waste of time / so nice / foolish interesting / doing sth.。如：

It?s no good smoking; you?d better give it up. 吸煙有害健康，你最好戒煙。

It?s no use arguing with him. 和他爭論是沒有用的。

It?s a waste of time waiting here. 在這里等是浪費時間。

It?s so nice talking to you. 很高興和你談話。

3. There is no +動名詞。如：

There is no telling what will happen. （試比較：It is impossible to tell what will happen.） 不知道會發生什么。

There is no joking about it. 這事開不得玩笑。

4. 動名詞作主語時與不定式的區別：

不定式作主語表示具體某一次的行為;動名詞作主語表示抽象或泛指的動作。實際運用中一般可互換，差異不大，但下列幾種情況除外：

① 當表語是動名詞時，主語也要用動名詞;當表語是不定式時，主語也要用不定式。如：

Seeing is believing. （To see is to believe.） 眼見為實。

② 在It?s no use / no good / a waste of time doing sth.等句型中一般用動名詞，而不用不定式。如：

It is no good keeping this secret. 此事不公開沒有什么好處。

It is a waste of energy arguing with her. 和她爭論是浪費精力。

③ 在It is important / necessary / easy to do sth.，It is+adj.+for （of） sb.+to do sth.等句型中通常只能用不定式，而不使用動名詞。如：

It is important for you to learn English well. 對你來說學好英語很重要。

It is very kind of you to help us. 你能幫助我們真是太好了。

二、V-ing形式作賓語

1. 在suggest， finish， admit， advise， avoid， can?t help， consider， delay， deny， endure， enjoy， escape， excuse， finish， leave off， mind等動詞后面通常接動名詞作賓語;在hate， like， prefer等動詞后面，如果表示一般傾向，則多用V-ing作賓語，如果指特定的或某次具體的行動，則多用不定式。如：

He finished reading the book yesterday. 他昨天讀完了那本書。

She suggested going there to help the farmers. 她建議去那里幫助農民。

She prefers walking to cycling. 她寧愿步行，也不愿騎自行車。

2. V-ing形式也可用作介詞的賓語。如：

He apologized to the teacher for being late. 他因遲到而向老師道歉。

Her family are all proud of having such a splendid house. 她的家人都為擁有如此豪華的房子而感到驕傲。

【注意】用作介詞to的賓語時，極易與不定式發生混淆，此類結構還有：in addition to除……外，admit to承認，devote oneself to獻身于，be equal to能勝任;等于，be familiar to為……所熟悉，give one?s mind to專心于，keep to堅持，look up to尊敬，lead to導致，look forward to盼望，object to反對，pay attention to注意，point to指向，stick to堅持，be used to習慣于，turn to求助于等。如：

[正] Let?s get down to repairing the machine.

[誤] Let?s get down to repair the machine.

3. forget， remember， stop， regret， try， mean等動詞后跟不定式與動名詞意義不同，不定式表示謂語動詞之后的動作，而動名詞表示的動作發生在謂語動詞之前，常用一般式doing代替完成式having done。如：

① stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事情;stop to do sth. 停下來去做另一件事。如：

He was having a walk when he saw me. He stopped to say hello to me. 見到我時他正在散步，他停下腳步跟我打招呼。

The students stopped talking when the teacher came in. 當老師進來時學生停止講話了。

② forget后面接不定式與動名詞，意思有很大的不同，要注意二者的區別。forget to do sth.意思為“忘記去做某事”，指尚未發生的動作;forget doing sth. 意思是“忘記了曾經做過的某事”，表示已經發生了的動作。如：

He forgot to lock the door. 他忘記了鎖門。（門沒有鎖）

He forgot locking the door. 他忘記已把門鎖上了。（門鎖上了，但是他忘記了）

③ try doing sth. 試一試做某事;try to do sth. 努力/ 盡力去做某事。如：

He tried to pretend to share in the pleasure with his friend. 他盡力假裝與朋友分享歡樂。

She tried reading a novel， but that couldn?t make her forget her sorrow. 她試著看看小說，但也不能使她忘記傷心事。

④ be afraid of doing sth. 擔心 / 害怕去做某事;be afraid to do sth. 不敢做某事。如：

He was afraid of making mistakes. 他擔心會犯錯誤。

He was afraid to tell the truth. 他不敢把實情講出來。

⑤ go on doing sth. （停頓以后）繼續做原來做的事;go on to do sth. 接著做另一件事，指接下去做與原來不同的事。如：

Now let?s go on reading Lesson 1. 讓我們繼續讀第一課。

After reading the text， the students went on to listen to the teacher carefully.讀完課文以后，同學們接著認真聽老師的課。

⑥ regret doing sth. 后悔做了某事（也可以說：regret having done sth.）;regret to do sth.（tell / say / inform）很遺憾地要做（告訴……/說……/ 通知……）。如：

I regret having told you the truth. 我后悔把真相告訴你。

I regret to say that you have failed the exam. 很遺憾你考試沒有通過。

⑦ remember doing sth. 想起已經做過的事情;remember to do sth. 記住要去做某事。如：

Remember to write to us when you get there. 到那里，記得給我們寫信。

I don?t remember meeting him. 我不記得見過他。

⑧ mean doing sth.的意思是“意味著（必須要做某事或導致某種結果）”，其主語通常是指事物的詞;mean to do sth.的意思是“打算或企圖做某事”，其主語通常是表示人的名詞或代詞，其過去完成式表示“本來打算做某事”。如：

Being a student means studying hard. 作為一個學生，（意味著）你要努力學習。

A friend indeed means helping others for nothing in return. 真正的朋友意指不圖回報地幫助別人。

I didn?t mean to hurt you. 我沒有企圖傷害你。

John really upset Granny， but I?m sure he did not mean to. 約翰真讓奶奶心煩，不過我相信他是無意的。

4. 動名詞作need， want， require， be worth的賓語時，用主動式代替被動式。如：

The point wants referring to. 這一點要提到。

This English novel is worth reading. 這本英文小說值得一讀。

The situation in Russian required studying. 俄國形式需要研究。

【小試身手】

I. 根據所給漢語完成句子，每空一詞。

1. 聽古典音樂使我們感覺愉悅。

____?____?____?____?makes us feel happy.

2. 他不能通過考試使老師非常生氣。

____?____?____?____?____?____?the exam made the teacher unhappy.

3. 你沒有必要晚上學習到深夜。

It is not necessary for you ____?____?____?____?____?____.

4. 這只小鳥很幸運，它沒有被抓住。

The bird was so lucky that it missed ____?____.

5. 暑期我喜歡在河里游泳。

I ____?____?____?____?____??during the summer holiday.

6. 她不會介意照料我們的孩子的。

She wouldn?t ____?____?____?____?our children.

7. 我永遠也忘不了在一個普通信封上發現了那枚珍貴的郵票。

I shall never ____?____?____?____?____?on an ordinary envelope.

8. 這臺洗衣機需要修理。

The washing-machine ____?____.

II. 單句語法填空。

1. Something as simple as ____?（drink） some cold water may clear your mind and relive pressure.

2. It?s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ____（have） the answer ready will be of great help.

3. ____?is no good talking about the greatness of our country， unless we do something to make it great.

4. It is a waste of time ____?（try） to explain the problem to him.

5. There ?____?（be） no use crying over spilt milk.

6. I still remember ____?（take） to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.

7. The parents suggested ____?（sleep） in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.

8. I hear they?ve promoted Tom， but he didn?t mention ____?（promote） when we talked on the phone.

9. —Robert is indeed a wise man.

—Oh， yes. How often I have regretted not ____?（take） his advice！

10. We?ve had a good start， but next， more work needs ____?（do） to achieve the final success.

III. 單句改錯。

1. Read aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language.

2. Going to bed early and getting up early are considered to be a good habit.

3. It?s no good waited here. Let?s go home.

4. That felt funny watching myself on TV.

5. Fishing is his favorite hobby， and collect coins also gives him great pleasure.

6. I would appreciate your call back this afternoon.

7. I can hardly imagine Peter sail across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.

8. —What do you think of the book？

—Oh， excellent. It?s worth being reading a second time.

9. I don?t regret to telling her what I thought even if it might have upset her.