主題語(yǔ)境十四：飲食與健康

四川雙流中學(xué) 蔣建平（特級(jí)教師）

感知·素養(yǎng)解讀

飲食話題包括各類食物、飲料、餐桌禮儀與習(xí)慣表達(dá)，以及中西方文化在待客或飲食方面的差異。健康話題是高考中的高頻話題。

“飲食與健康”是高中課標(biāo)中非常重要的主題，包括各種食品的介紹、健康飲食、綠色食品、飲食文化、快餐、飲食習(xí)慣與喜好、訂餐與供給、健身與鍛煉、保健、個(gè)人衛(wèi)生、各種疾病與防治、意外事故、醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)、財(cái)富與健康等內(nèi)容。

“飲食與健康”主題的書面表達(dá)常用文體有說明文、記敘文、議論文、邀請(qǐng)函等。常用時(shí)態(tài)有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)等。

關(guān)于“飲食與健康”主題的寫作常有以下幾個(gè)命題角度：

1．如何養(yǎng)成良好的飲食習(xí)慣；

2．介紹中國(guó)飲食文化；

3．簡(jiǎn)述睡眠與健康的關(guān)系；

4．簡(jiǎn)述青少年的心理健康問題；

5．介紹你喜歡的某種食物，并至少說出兩點(diǎn)理由。

探究·語(yǔ)庫(kù)構(gòu)建

語(yǔ)境串記

Healthy diets

To learn more about food and health，during the past few years，nutritionists 1．_____（study）diets in places 2．____people are healthier and live longer than 3．_____（usually）．They've found that in Japan and Mediterranean countries in 4．______（south） Europe，rates of heart disease，diabetes，strokes and cancer are among the 5．______（low） in the world．Even though their traditional cuisines look and taste very different，Japanese and Mediterranean people eat many of 6．_____same foods．They eat lots of fruits，vegetables，whole grains，beans and nuts，and they cook in vegetable oils rather than animal fats．Their traditional diets also include plenty of fish and seafood，7．____not many dairy foods or eggs，and little or no red meat．

Many nutritionists now recommend low-fat diets like this，or the similar pescetarian diet that includes dairy products，fish and seafood，but no poultry or red meat like pork or beef．Some are even recommending a 8．______（total） meat-free vegetarian or vegan diet，especially for people 9．____heart disease or other diet-related 10．_____（illness）．But if you become vegetarian or vegan，they say you must make sure you get all the essential amino acids from protein-rich plant foods like soybeans．

健康飲食

在過去的幾年里，為了了解更多關(guān)于食物和健康的知識(shí)，營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)家研究了人們更健康、壽命更長(zhǎng)的地方飲食。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在日本和南歐的地中海國(guó)家，心臟病、糖尿病、中風(fēng)和癌癥的發(fā)病率是世界上最低的。盡管他們的傳統(tǒng)菜系看起來(lái)和嘗起來(lái)都很不一樣，但日本人和地中海人吃的食物很多是一樣的。他們吃很多水果、蔬菜、全麥?zhǔn)称贰⒍诡惡蛨?jiān)果，而且他們用植物油而不是動(dòng)物脂肪來(lái)烹飪。他們的傳統(tǒng)飲食也包括大量的魚類和海鮮，但奶制品和雞蛋不多，紅肉很少或根本沒有。

現(xiàn)在許多營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)家推薦像這樣的低脂飲食，或者類似的魚素者的飲食，包括乳制品、魚和海鮮，但沒有像豬肉或牛肉這樣的紅肉或家禽肉。有些人甚至建議完全不吃肉的素食主義者或純素食主義者，特別是對(duì)患有心臟病或其他飲食相關(guān)疾病的人。但是如果你成為素食主義者或純素食主義者，他們說你必須確保你從富含蛋白質(zhì)的植物性食物中攝取所有必需的氨基酸，比如大豆。

素材積累

一、閱讀詞匯整合（明其義）

【核心單詞】

1.healthy adj.健康的

unhealthy adj.不健康的

health n.健康；衛(wèi)生

subhealth n.亞健康

2.normal adj.正常的；一般的

abnormal adj.反常的

3.bleed v.出血；流血

blood n.血；血液

bloody adj.血腥的

4.anxious adj.憂慮的；焦急的；渴望的

anxiously adv.焦急地；憂慮地；渴望地

anxiety n.焦慮；憂慮；擔(dān)心

5.serve招待（顧客等）；服務(wù)；端菜；上酒

6.entertainment招待；款待

7.delicious可口的；美味的

8.appetite食欲；胃口

9.digest消化

10.painful痛苦的

【高頻短語(yǔ)】

1.be good/beneficial to對(duì)……有益

2.be bad for對(duì)……有害

3.be abundant in富含……

4.be high/low in含……高/低

5.be crazy about迷戀……；對(duì)……狂熱

6.be anxious about sth為……擔(dān)心(憂慮)

7.keep fit保持健康

8.treat oneself to sth給自己買某物

9.go on a diet進(jìn)行節(jié)食

10.lose weight減肥

11.break down （身體）垮掉

【主題整合】

食物名稱

1．beef牛肉

2．hamburger漢堡包

3．sandwich 三明治

4．salad 沙拉

5．toast烤面包片；吐司

6．sausage 香腸

7．starter開胃菜

8．a(chǎn)ppetizer開胃小吃

9．dessert甜點(diǎn)；餐后甜食

10．pudding布?。ㄎ鞑椭幸环N甜點(diǎn)）

11．barbecue燒烤

12．dairy product乳制品

13．fish and chips炸魚和薯?xiàng)l

烹飪方式

1．boil煮；使沸騰

2．roast（在火上）烤；烘（食物，尤指肉）

3．fry 用油煎；用油炸

4．stew用文火慢慢煨燉；燉爛

5．bake 烤；烘焙；（將某物） 烤硬

飲食文化

1．table manners餐桌禮儀

2．healthy food/diet健康飲食

3．green/organic food綠色食品

4．go on a balanced diet膳食均衡

健康

1．slim （身材）苗條

2．stout肥胖的；肥壯的

3．a(chǎn)llergic過敏的

4．symptom 癥狀

5．dizzy頭暈?zāi)垦５?/p>

6．depression 抑郁癥

7．refresh （使）精神振作；（使）精力恢復(fù)

8．cure sb of sth治愈某人的病

9．have got a high/slight fever發(fā)高/低燒

10．recover from從……中恢復(fù)

11．send for a doctor派人請(qǐng)醫(yī)生

12．keep energetic保持精力充沛

13．be in good/poor health健康狀況良好/不佳

二、寫作詞匯運(yùn)用（悉其用）

根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示或用所給單詞的正確形式完成句子。

1．If you___________（縮?。?only your dinner plate，you will be eliminating more than 5，000 calories a month from your diet．

2．Even a smallish fast food lunch delivers around 800 calories—more than a（n）________（普通的） woman would want to get at dinner．

3．Most of the healthiest foods have only one__________（成分）．Longer lists generally mean more sugar，more salt，and more artificial flavors．

4．That's without considering such_______（經(jīng)濟(jì)的）options as occasionally substituting beans or lentils for meat，or making a sandwich at home rather than spending money at a restaurant．

5．If you make enough for leftovers，you'll save time__________（長(zhǎng)期）．

6．Studies suggest that a wholesome homecooked dinner takes only about ten minutes longer to prepare，on average，than serving__________（process） or ready-made food．

7．As any 5-year-old or picky eater can attest，____________（familiar） is a powerful driver of dietary preference．

8．Just keep___________（serve） the new dishes，and soon neither you nor your palate will recall what all the fuss was about．

9．___________（放慢速度） your meals，pay attention to what you're eating，and call it quits when you're about 80 percent full．

10．As well as giving us a temporary buzz，coffee is also known___________（降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)）depression and increase dopamine and serotonin．

三、核心句型表達(dá)（精于表）

根據(jù)要求翻譯下列句子。

1．多進(jìn)行體育鍛煉，你就會(huì)變得更健康。

譯法一：（祈使句+and+陳述句）

________________________________

譯法二：（動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，contribute to）

________________________________

2．當(dāng)我第一次吃中餐時(shí)，才知道真正的中餐宴會(huì)那么豐盛。

譯法一：（the first time引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）

________________________________

譯法二：（用not．．．until．．．句型）

________________________________

3．我們認(rèn)為健康的飲食習(xí)慣，包括按時(shí)就餐、均衡飲食、多吃水果蔬菜等。這對(duì)我們很重要。

譯法一：（含including結(jié)構(gòu)）

________________________________

譯法二：（含included結(jié)構(gòu)）

________________________________

譯法三：（含非限制性定語(yǔ)從句）

________________________________

4．要保持心理健康，我們得保持樂觀的心態(tài)。

譯法一：（in order that引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句）

________________________________

譯法二：（不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)）

________________________________

5．我們要重視運(yùn)動(dòng)，如多跑步、少開車、踐行綠色出行等。

譯法一：（用what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句）

________________________________

譯法二：（強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)）

________________________________

實(shí)踐·主題測(cè)評(píng)

知識(shí)維度診斷評(píng)價(jià)

Ⅰ．單句填空

1．One question I'm________（frequent） asked is “What's the secret to a healthy diet?”，yet the answer isn't all that mysterious．

2．_______you're already in shape or trying to lose weight，one of the best things you can do for your waistline and your health is downsize your dishware．

3．When we eat on the go，our brains tend to register the food as a snack—regardless of how many calories we consume—________（lead） us to overeat at our next meal．

4．The smart choices cost no more，and in fact，there was a potential small saving________（associate） with the healthy selections．

5．By devoting a few minutes to planning for more nutritious eating，you invest in your own health and________of your family．

6．Obesity，diabetes，and heart disease all lead to doctor and hospital visits，________take a lot of time．

7．Parents who eat with their children report greater________（satisfy） with family life．

8．The best way to keep your body energetic is to eat a well-rounded，________（nutrition） diet．

9．For obvious reasons，chocolate makes us very happy，however，it doesn't just provide an instant fix to a low mood，for it is also rich in magnesium，which helps calm your muscles and reduce________（anxious）．

10．All leafy greens have some key components for improving your mood and help prevent you from becoming ________（depress）．

Ⅱ．單句改錯(cuò)

1．This ensures that you get enough nutrient and automatically reduces the amount of fat and calories you consume．_____________

2．Studies indicate that simple by eating at a leisurely pace，you could drop up to 20 pounds a year．_____________

3．Kids eat with their parents are less likely to consume junk food，less likely to overeat，and less likely to be overweight．_____________

4．A lot of us rely on a regularly caffeine fix to improve our mood throughout the day，and it really does just that．_____________

5．If you want your mood to be as sunny as your eggs，then eating it regularly will certainly help．_____________

Ⅲ．情境寫作

假定你要參加以“A Balanced Diet and Health”為主題的科普英語(yǔ)競(jìng)賽。請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面的圖示及文字寫一篇演講稿，簡(jiǎn)單論述飲食與健康的關(guān)系。注意：

1．詞數(shù)100左右；

2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

Food Pyramid

Good afternoon，ladies and gentlemen!I'm very glad to have a chance here to make a speech on the subject—A Balanced Diet and Health.

That's all.Thank you.

（主題語(yǔ)境十四：素養(yǎng)維度發(fā)展評(píng)價(jià)，見第53～55頁(yè)）