李來貴 王浩貴


摘?要:以1年生矮化中間砧蘋果苗為試材,研究深坑淺栽后秋季分次埋土與深栽一次埋土至中間砧露出地面1/4兩個處理對成活率、發枝數量和枝條生長量的影響。結果表明:蘋果矮化中間砧苗栽植采取深坑淺栽秋季分次埋土至中間砧露出地面1/4能提高成活率、發枝數量和枝條生長量。
關鍵詞:蘋果;中間砧苗;深坑淺栽;成活率;生長量
文章編號:2096-8108(2020)03-0010-02?中圖分類號:S661.1?文獻標識碼:A
Abstract:The dwarfing Apple Seedling of 1 year old on intermediate stock was used as the test material to study the effects on survival rate, number of branches and growth amount of branches when it was buried to 1/4 of the surface of the intermediate stock and 1/4 of the surface of the intermediate stock respectively in autumn after shallow planting in deep pit and deep planting to 1/4 of the surface of the intermediate stock. The results showed that the survival rate, the number of branches and the growth of branches could be increased by shallow planting the apple dwarfing rootstock in deep pit and in autumn and burying the soil in several times until the rootstock was 1/4 above the ground.
Keywords:Apple; Interstock seedling; Shallow planting in deep pit; Survival rate;Growth
蘋果矮化密植栽培由于結果早、產量高 、品質好、易管理、機械化程度高、節約土地資源已經成為現代蘋果產業發展的主要方向,由于自根砧苗價格,高建園成本大,涇川縣農戶一般選用矮化中間砧苗建園,但矮化中間砧苗木嫁接不規范,主要表現在矮化中間砧在基砧上的嫁接點高低不統一,中間砧長度不一致,有的太長,在建園栽植時沒有按中間砧露出地面1/4要求,有的栽的太深,影響新根的產生與生長,成活率不高,生長量小園貌園相差,有的建園不能一次成功。2018年春涇川縣黨原鎮趙家村利用蘋果矮化中間砧苗建園,并采取深坑淺栽分次埋土進行試驗示范,旨在今后為我縣蘋果矮化密植栽培建園提供參考。
1?試驗園的基本情況
黨原鎮趙家村地處涇川縣北塬片區,地勢平坦,土層深厚,土壤為黃綿土。pH值8,有機質含量14.2 g/kg,全氮1.162 g/kg,有效磷17.6 mg/kg,速效鉀208 mg/kg。海拔高度1 435 m,年平均降雨量553.5 mm,年均日照2 274 h,平均氣溫10.4 ℃,相對濕度69%,無霜期174 d。
2?試驗材料與方法
2.1?試驗材料
2018年4月6日新建果園3 666.7 m2,授粉樹金連,主栽品種為維納斯黃金1年生苗,矮化中間砧為M26,基砧平邑甜茶。……