我國改性含油污泥制備調(diào)剖劑的研究進展

回軍 張銳 孫浩程

摘 ? ? ?要： 含油污泥是石油勘探、開采中常見的危險廢物，目前處置手段基本停留在減量化階段，處置后產(chǎn)生的廢渣仍作為固體廢物甚至危險廢物管理。由此可見，資源化利用才是解決含油污泥這類固體廢物無法徹底處置、出路不暢等問題的根本途徑。油泥來源于地層，作為調(diào)剖劑的組成成分回用地層不僅具有理論可行性，也是實現(xiàn)其資源化利用的有效途徑。本文通過綜述單種含油污泥調(diào)剖劑和段塞組合的研究進展，分析我國改性含油污泥調(diào)剖劑的研究與應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀，并指出該領(lǐng)域目前存在的主要問題在于源頭未實現(xiàn)分類管理，導致混合油泥砂中固體物粒徑不均，制備的調(diào)剖劑性能難以保證，故下一步的研究應(yīng)致力于實現(xiàn)油泥砂按粒徑的高效分離，最終實現(xiàn)分級利用。

關(guān) ?鍵 ?詞：含油污泥;資源化利用;調(diào)剖

中圖分類號：X741 ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼： A ? ? ? 文章編號： 1671-0460（2020）10-2339-04

Abstract： Oily sludge is a common hazardous waste in petroleum exploration and extraction. At present， the disposal methods are basically at the stage of reduction. The waste residue generated after disposal is still managed as solid waste or even hazardous waste. It can be seen that resource utilization is the fundamental way to solve above problems. Oil sludge originates from the stratum， reinjecting the stratum as a component of profile control agent is not only theoretically feasible， but also an effective way to realize its resource utilization. By reviewing the research progress of single oily sludge profile control agent and slug combination， the research and application status of modified oily sludge profile control agent in China were analyzed， and the main problem in this field was pointed out. As a result， the particle size of the solids in the mixed sludge sand is not uniform， so the performance of the prepared profile control agent is difficult to guarantee. Therefore， the next research should be dedicated to the efficient separation of the sludge sand according to the particle size to achieve graded utilization.

Key words： Oily sludge; Resource utilization; Profile control

石油的勘探、開采、儲運和集輸?shù)拳h(huán)節(jié)會產(chǎn)生大量含油污泥。含油污泥的組成復雜，除水、不同多種粒徑固體物和石油類外，還有多種有毒有害成分，是《國家危險廢物名錄》中明確規(guī)定的HW08類危險廢物[1]。根據(jù)《固體廢物鑒別標準通則》中的規(guī)定，固體廢物采用焚燒、填埋、傾倒或是其他處置方式處置后，仍作為固廢管理，不同于水污染、大氣污染治理，固體廢物尤其是危險廢物經(jīng)過處置后不存在“達標排放”的說法。目前廣泛使用的油泥處置手段，如焚燒、熱解等，根本上來看只屬于減量手段，產(chǎn)生的殘渣仍按照危廢管理，需在專門場地進行填埋，不能向自然界直接排放。……