Verketehdas 藝術(shù)與會議中心芬蘭海門林納

2021-01-11 06:04:58JKMMArchitects

世界建筑導(dǎo)報 2020年6期

設(shè)計單位：芬蘭JKMM建筑師事務(wù)所

建設(shè)單位：海門林納市政府

建筑功能：禮堂、劇場，咖啡廳、音樂廳、活動空間、展廳、多功能空間、辦公空間

建筑面積：10 300平方米

項目狀態(tài)：2007年竣工

Design: JKMM Architects

Client: City of H?meenlinna

Function: Auditorium, Black box theatres, Cafe, Concert hall, Event spaces,Exhibition galleries, Multifunctional spaces, Offices

Size: 10 300 m2

Status: Completed 2007

Verkatehdas是一座由20世紀(jì)初30,000平方米的紡織廠綜合體重建而成的文化機(jī)構(gòu)，位于芬蘭南部海明林納，新建部分即“Verkatehdas藝術(shù)與會議中心”，占總體的三分之一，總體形成的復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)堪比中世紀(jì)的城市。原廠院內(nèi)新植入一座音樂廳，同時也將電影院新附樓突出于城市景觀。一個巨大的玻璃內(nèi)院構(gòu)成了文化工廠的主要空間和功能核心，以扇形透過門廳開向Vanajavesi水岸公園。

老工廠和新音樂廳以高峻的山墻主宰了城市景觀，新結(jié)構(gòu)由此再度調(diào)適構(gòu)圖，實現(xiàn)了對舊結(jié)構(gòu)的尊重，從而將老廠區(qū)和新建筑和諧組合，攜手定義當(dāng)?shù)氐膱鏊瘛Ｐ问胶筒牧显谛屡f之間保持簡潔澄澈，彰顯出原結(jié)構(gòu)的價值，如粗面混凝土梁和磚砌體等。整體銜接上直接粗獷，得以大膽用色，粗樸用材，如橡膠、陶瓷和銹鋼。

建筑的多功能性對內(nèi)部設(shè)計提出了最大的挑戰(zhàn)，主要體現(xiàn)在音樂廳，因為音樂的內(nèi)容與受眾類型最顯多樣，反映在一座音樂廳，就要有盡可能足夠的靈活性。最后完成的音樂廳的技術(shù)性格復(fù)雜可變，滿足多種演出類型，從大會到劇院演出，從700座古典音樂會到1100名觀眾人搖滾現(xiàn)場，應(yīng)有盡有。

電影院附樓包括四個650個座電影院，配備現(xiàn)代化的數(shù)字技術(shù)。與此同時，宴會功能也充分靈活，從親密的晚宴到1000人會議的大宴會，都能滿足。老工廠的大部分區(qū)域也會在未來改造出新功能，以教育和工作室空間為主。

最后實現(xiàn)的室內(nèi)好比一個神奇的連通器：入口大廳與咖啡廳餐廳、接待區(qū)、包廂辦公室和內(nèi)院相連；內(nèi)院是舉辦各種活動和展覽的場所，也兼做音樂廳的門廳，音樂廳有700個座位，卻也能聚滿1100名觀眾；院里有一個樓梯，通入上層的門廳和會議中心；四廳電影院也在一樓，新建的附樓之中。

Verkatehdas consists of a 30 000 sqm2 early 20th century fabric factory complex, which is now redeveloped into a cultural institution in H?meenlinna locating in southern Finland. New annexes are called Verkatehdas Arts & Congress Centre, adding up to a one-third of the whole. The complexity of the final compositions intriguing structure could be compared with a medieval city. Project places a new concert hall within the existing factory courtyard. New annex with movie theatres will be efficiently visible in the townscape. A large glazed inner courtyard forms the primary space and functional heart of the cultural factory. This fan-shaped courtyard opens up towards Vanajavesi water front park through foyer spaces.

The high gables of the old factory and new concert hall are dominating features in townscape. New structures respect old ones tuning the composition over again. The aim was to form a composition where the old mill complex and new buildings form a harmonious entity, so that both together de fine the spirit of the place. The new formal features and materials are kept in a simple and serene relationship with the old, thus emphasising the value of the existing structures like coarse surfaced concrete beams and brick masonry. Rough articulation of the whole enables to use strong colours and rustic surfaces like rubber, ceramics and rusted steel.It is the versatility of the building that poses the greatest challenge to the interior design, which mainly demands in the concert hall, where the content and audience types of music are most diverse. Therefore, it shall be made as flexible as possible. Finally the completed concert hall is technologically sophisticated and transformable to allow multi-use of various performance types. The uses of concert hall vary from congresses to theatre performances, from classical music concerts with 700 seats, to rock concerts enabling 1100 spectators.

The cinema annex includes four movie theatres seating 650 all together. Movie theatres are equipped with modern digital techniques. At the same time, the banquet function is sufficiently flexible too, from intimate dinners to congress caterings for 1000 visitors. In the future also large parts of the old factory will be renovated to house new functions, mainly educational and atelier spaces.

The finally realized interior becomes a magic communicating vessel. The entrance hall is connected with a cafe-restaurant, a reception area, a box office and an inner courtyard. The inner courtyard is a place for various events and exhibitions, and it is also a foyer for a concert hall. The concert hall has 700 seats, but it is able to draw 1100 spectators. There is a stairway from courtyard to upper floors, to the foyers and a congress centre. The four-theatre cinema is also on the first floor, in the new annex.