○韓笑雨
《義務教育英語課程標準(2011年版)》明確指出了現代外語教育注重語言學習的過程,強調語言學習的實踐性,主張學生在語境中接觸、體驗和理解真實語言,并在此基礎上學習和運用語言。隨著新課程教學改革的深入,一些英語教師情境教學意識普遍增強,但由于欠缺建構語言學習內容與學生生活、經驗、情感相接的探究,情境創設刻意追求新穎化、趣味化、復雜化,忽視學生自身認知水平和需求,脫離學生真實生活和情感體驗,反而出現了虛假交流及淺層表達現象,導致課堂教學效果不理想。本文結合具體課例,剖析情境教學中的常見問題,并探究行之有效的優化策略。
教學內容:Where Do They Live?核心句型新授環節

T:Boys and girls,please look at the picture.Where does Guang Touqiang live?
Ss:In the forest.
T:Look at the animals.How do they feel?Ss:They are sad.
T:The animals say“Help!Help!”Who can help the animals?Please answer the questions.
......
課件依次出現單個動物被關進籠子的圖片,學生回答正確,籠子則消失,并出現“Iam free.Thank you!”的臺詞字幕。小動物先后分四次全部得救,學生完成本課重點句型的四組問答訓練。
教師忽視教材本身提供的大自然中的動物自由棲息地,大費周折地創設“光頭強捕捉動物”和“學生營救動物”的復雜情境,在沒有充分分析學生語言學習認知水平和需求的情況下,盲目創設情境,語言教學停留在知識的傳授上,不能促進學生綜合語言運用能力的提升。
T:There are many animals in a forest.Where does a bird live?
S1:In a tree.
T:Where else does a bird live?
S2:屋檐下。
T:Great.The swallows nested under the eaves.So we can say a bird lives under the eaves.Under the eaves.
Ss:Under the eaves.
T:Where else does a bird live?S3:籠子里。
T:Whose bird lives in a cage?......
T:Wonderful.We love our pets(寵 物),but how to keep them happy and healthy?What can we do?
S4:We can give it w ater and food every day.
......
教師充分挖掘文本與單元主題相關聯的語境,通過創設開放性的問題情境,引發學生從對核心句型的學習過渡到對文本主題意義的自主探究。學生從不同的角度、層次提出自己獨到的見解,聚焦熱愛動物的主題意義,達成關愛動物的情感共鳴,較之創設虛擬情境,其內在教育的價值更為可觀。由于三年級學生英語語言知識儲備不足,允許學生借助漢語表達,教師適時補充新詞匯,實現讓學生自己去解碼、發現和構建英語語言的意義,在理解和學習語言的過程中,促進學生語言能力、思維能力及情感態度等多種素養協同發展。
教學內容:Jenny’s Summer Holiday一般過去時態和一般將來時態結構的語言操練環節
T:Boys and girls,please look at the man.He wears a red cap,and holds a flag in his hand.What does he do?
Ss:A guide(導游).
T:Yes.A guide goes to many places every year.Who w ants to be a guide?What did you do last summer?What will you do this summer?
S1:Last summer,Iwent to Qin Huang Dao with my parents.We swam in the sea and played on the beach.This summer...
上述課例中,教師創設生活化情境時刻意追求形式,忽略了學生真實的生活體驗,導致個別學生在語言實踐活動中出現畏難情緒。六年級學生的英語語言知識儲備足夠豐富,但情境中時間狀語局限于last summer和this summer,沒有為學生提供更為廣泛的時間范疇,大量的生活情境相對應的英語動詞短語不能被提取運用,導致學生語言輸出千篇一律。

T:You were in primary school from 2016 to 2021.What did you do in the past six years?Please talk about your school life in groups and share your good memory.
Group1:We had many lessons in the past six years.There were Chinese,maths,English,science and so on.Our favourite subject was Music in Grade One...

T:You w ill go to the Middle School in September.Which Middle School will you go to?
S1:The eighth Middle School.
......
T:I w ill miss you,boys and girls.What w ill you do in the future?Please write a short poem about your future.
討論分享和詩歌創編的過程正是靈活運用語言知識的過程,真實且有意義的語言表達幫助學生進一步熟練掌握兩種時態的結構,實現語言內化達成學以致用的教學效果。
教學內容:My favourite season B Read and write語言拓展環節
T:Which season does Robin like?
Ss:All the four seasons.
......
T:Which season do you like best?Why?
S1:I like spring best.Because the weather is warm.There are many beautiful flowers.
......
T:Now can you write a letter to Robin?Please tell him your favourite season.
學習了Robin喜歡的季節,再通過給Robin寫信談談自己最喜歡的季節,這種交流、表達情境無異于同桌之間的Pair Work,教師沿用了操練環節的語言活動,語言輸出停留在基于文本內容的仿寫,沒有實現語言學習的拓展和遷移,導致高年級英語寫作教學高耗低效。
T:Which season do you like best?
S1:Ilike summer best.
T:Why?
S1:Because the weather is hot and sunny in summer.I can go sw imming and eat ice cream.
......
T:But if you are a kite,a flower or a snowman,which season do you like best?Please write something now.
S1:Iam a kite.Ilike all the four seasons.My favourite season is spring.Because the weather is warm.The wind is warm and soft.Ican fly high in the sky.Ican see many children on the grass.The children are happy,and Iam happy,too.
......
教師準確捕捉寫作主題與學生年齡心理特點的契合點,引導學生把自己化身為a kite,a flower等,從不同角度感受四季的美好。富有情趣的審美體驗激發了學生寫作興趣,使得學生迅速進入情境,語言輸出豐富,學生的寫作潛能得以挖掘。
小學英語課堂教學活動離不開情境的創設,教師應基于教學主題,依托教材情境,在遵循生活化、整體化的原則下,將學生的體驗、情感、成長的意義進行多維聯結整合,真正從知識本位走向學科育人。