芬蘭PES建筑師事務所

Partners from left to right: Arttu Suomalainen (Design Director Transportation), Jarkko Salminen (CEO),Pekka Salminen (President, Founding Partner), Tuomas Silvennoinen (Design Director)

事務所簡介

總部位于赫爾辛基的PES建筑師事務所是芬蘭最大、國際化程度最高的建筑和室內設計事務所之一。自1968年成立以來，PES建筑師事務所目前擁有70多名來自世界各地的團隊，并于2010年在上海成立了中國工作室。PES致力于發展成為一家跨專業的建筑師事務所，設計項目包括各種復雜的建筑類型：機場和交通樞紐、藝術演出場館、體育設施、競技場和多用途綜合體，以及極具挑戰的歷史建筑翻新項目。

作為一家規模不大的北歐建筑師事務所，PES堅信他們能夠在全球范圍內取得成功的前提是滿足三大基本要求：正確的發展方向，采用新技術以及構建一支創新的團隊。除此之外，還需具備與國際主流建筑師事務截然不同的創意視野，以及對用戶體驗的深刻理解，充足的建筑實踐和全面的項目管理方法。

PES追求的是為客戶提供合乎自然的、以人性化為中心的設計方案，尤其是在布局、材料和形式方面。結構在PES的工作中起著重要作用：建筑師可通過清晰的結構體系創建出合理的空間布局，同時也反映在人對建筑的體驗中。結構同樣具有內在的建筑感染力。

PES建筑師事務所把高度復雜、具有挑戰性的項目視為一種激勵，其核心目標是通過解決問題和開發新的解決方案，來滿足用戶的需求。在PES看來，建筑師時刻面臨各種客觀條件的限制，但仍需要保持激情和毅力找到妥善的解決方案，并確保其實施，因為建筑師關注的是建筑的在未來落成之后真正用戶的體驗。

建筑始終是一項要求高度協作的工作。PES建筑師事務所擁有一支技術嫻熟的團隊，其成員包括來自各個領域的專業人士，同時還會聘請專家顧問共同完成項目，這些顧問對建筑設計而言是不可或缺的。工程師和其他專家從一開始就會參與到項目中。PES通常會進行研究，以找到創新的材料和結構使用方法，同時也會將全面的產品開發融入建筑或室內設計項目之中。

為了向客戶提供跨專業和創造性的解決方案，PES正在各種可持續發展和節能工程領域拓展合作網絡。尤其是在使用當地的、可持續發展的材料方面做出了嘗試，例如中國的竹子和陶瓷。

遵循北歐的傳統，PES建筑師事務所的目標是實現對整個項目的全程把控，從設計到實施，確保有關各方，從專業顧問到承包商，都朝著共同的愿景而努力。為此，需要建筑師深入參與，在整個設計與施工階段都要有做出改動的準備。

PES建筑師事務所負責建設的項目曾榮獲芬蘭和國外的各大獎項，包括多項混凝土、玻璃和鋼結構獎項，有幾個項目入選了芬蘭建筑雙年回顧展，而芬蘭建筑雙年回顧展是體現芬蘭建筑師最高水準的展覽之一。

2018年，PES建筑師事務所在位于赫爾辛基的芬蘭建筑博物館舉辦了一場名為“赫爾辛基——上海”的展覽，以慶祝PES建筑師事務所成立50周年。此次展覽由PES建筑師事務所與芬蘭建筑博物館合作設計，展示了PES過去15年在歐洲和中國的主要項目。

2003年PES在中國成立工作室

一家在全球范圍內規模較小的芬蘭建筑師事務所，為何會決定進入廣闊的中國市場，與來自西方世界各地的建筑師事務所展開競爭？這是中國正在經歷的歷史變遷的結果。大約30年前，一個大規模的城市化項目悄然開始，相當于整個歐洲人口的人從農村遷移到城市，導致消費增加，對教育、交通和各種公共服務（如鐵路、機場、圖書館和音樂廳）的需求增加。

PES認為這與他們的事務所在1968年成立時的芬蘭有相似之處，盡管規模較小。經過戰后的重建，芬蘭隨后發展成為一個北歐的福利國家，而城市化同樣導致了對基礎設施建設和體育休閑設施的巨大需求。正是在這樣的項目中，建筑師發展了各種技能和設計方案，為后來進入中國鋪平了道路。進入中國內地市場的第一批外國建筑事務所主要來自美國、日本和中國香港。在第二批歐洲建筑事務所涌入中國的同時，PES建筑師事務所于2003年邁出了進軍中國市場的第一步。

PES與中國的第一次接觸是在赫爾辛基機場擴建供亞洲航班使用的航站樓時建立的。通過建筑師方海教授，PES有機會見到當地的中國客戶和合作公司。首先，PES設計了一個湖畔酒店的方案，隨后參與了一個行政中心的方案競賽，接著又參與了多個機場項目的設計競賽。在這些項目中，只有行政中心的設計得以實現。2010年，他們在上海設立了工作室，上海辦公室已經成為了他們在中國的業務基地。到2020年，PES已經為中國產出了大約100個設計方案，通常是與值得信賴的當地伙伴的合作成果，包括競賽方案、概念設計、草案等形式，同時還完成了重大項目的建設。

在中國的國際化競爭環境中，PES建筑師事務所力求在文化建筑，特別是多用途建筑的設計、建造和使用方面脫穎而出。為此，他們需要與不同領域的專家建立廣泛的聯系，同時還需要在參數化設計和材料使用方面進行創新。他們的芬蘭設計風格在以用戶為中心的方法和對自然材料的使用上得以體現，而與中國傳統的呼應可以從有機的建筑造型的隱喻以及對傳統材料的發掘中觀察出來。

在中國工作需要敢于冒險，能夠承受質疑，最重要的是要有極大的耐心。在中國工作也幫助PES形成了自己的工作方式，使他們更快地響應變化、思想更加多元，也更具國際化視野。PES四分之一的團隊成員來自世界其他國家。盡管如此，芬蘭的建筑思維方式仍然是他們活動的核心，他們傾向于在需要時將功能和常識與爆炸性的創造力結合起來。從北歐人的角度來看，中國業主看待建筑的方式更多是一種直觀印象：它會是什么樣子的呢？成本是多少？最后，如何實施呢？PES更喜歡按照不同的順序提出這些考慮事項。

另一方面，PES也逐漸了解了故事和強大的符號標志在中國文化中的意義及其對建筑的影響。建筑的效率、功能性或易維護性在中國的項目評估中通常不是決定性的，即使是重大的決策往往也容易受到建筑形象的影響，因此建筑師的技能、責任感和毅力將得到更大的考驗。

在理想的情況下，PES能夠為中國客戶提供全面的項目管理和深入細節的設計方案，而這對于中國建筑師或設計師來說還不是一個普遍現象，因為中國的建筑師往往在無數同時進行的項目中忙得不可開交。規劃和建設在很大程度上是一個互相溝通的過程，無論在芬蘭還是在中國，同樣的人際交往原則都適用。

PES把他們在中國的工作視為跨文化交流，在這種情況下，一大批規模小而質量高的中國設計公司正在大規模規劃機構的庇護下成長。這將進一步加劇中國市場的競爭，但與此同時，它將拉近不同文化對良好的環境和可持續的建筑的重要性的看法。

Introduction

Helsinki-based PES-Architects is among the largest and most international architecture and interior designfirms in Finland.Founded in 1968, the practice now employs a multinational staff of over 70 and a Shanghai studio established in 2010.PES-Architects work towards an architecture that embraces a cross-disciplinary approach.PES-Architects’ projects encompass complexand wide-ranging building types, including airports and transport terminals, performance venues,sports facilities, arenas and mixed-used developments, as well as demanding refurbishment projects.

PES-Architects believes that a relatively small Nordic architecture office can succeed globally provided that certain basic credentials are fulfilled: the right references, the latest technologies and an innovative team.To this it adds a creative vision distinct from the international mainstream as well as a deep understanding of user experience,sound building practices and a comprehensive approach to project management.

PES-Architects seeks to create natural, user-centric designs in terms of layout as well as materials and forms.Structures play a major role in PES-Architects’ work:clear structural systems allow for the creation of logical spatial layouts, which are reflected in users’ experience of the building.Structures may also have intrinsic architectural value.

PES-Architects believes that designs should produce buildings and environments that stand the test of time both technically and visually.Today’s buildings are often also expected to be efficient and flexibly adaptable.

Challenging and complex projects are a great inspiration to the architects; problemsolving and developing new solutions to meet client and user needs are at the core of architecture.In the midst of financial and other constraints, passion and perseverance are required to find the right solution and ensure its implementation,keeping a focus on what is genuinely important for the future users.

Architecture is always a highly collaborative effort.PES-Architects’ own skilled team includes professionals from a wide range of disciplines, and external consultants often play an integral role in projects.Structural engineers and other building specialists are involved in projects from the start.Research is often carried out to find innovative ways to use materials and structures, and architectural or interior design projects may even involve full-scale product development.

PES-Architects is constantly expanding its cooperative network in various sustainability and energy-saving engineering fields to provide cross-disciplinary and creative solutions to clients.The company especially seeks to use local, sustainable materials, such as bamboo and ceramics in China.

Following the Nordic tradition, PES-Architects’ goal is to lead the entire project from design through implementation, ensuring that all parties involved, from special consultants to contractors, are working towards the shared vision.This requires deep involvement and sometimes alterations throughout the building phase.

PES-Architects’ projects have received awards in Finland and abroad, including a number of concrete, glass and steel structure awards.Several of the firm’sprojects have been selected for the Finnish Architecture Biennial Review, an exhibition and publication showcasing the foremost architecture by Finnish architects in the previous two years.

In 2018, an exhibition entitled Helsinki-Shanghai was arranged at the Museum of Finnish Architecture in Helsinki to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the practice.Designed by PES-Architects in collaboration with the Museum, the hands-on exhibition presented the company’s major projects over the last 15 years in Europe and China.

PES-Architects in China 2003-

Why would a Finnish architectural firm, small on a global scale, decide to enter the vast Chinese market, in competition with architects from all over the western world?This is due to the ongoing historical transition in China: some 30 years ago, a massive urbanisation project began in which a number of people equal to the entire population of Europe are moving from rural areas to cities, resulting in increased consumption and the demand for education, transport and a variety public services such as railways, airports, libraries and concert houses.

We see in this a parallel, albeit on a smaller scale, with Finland at the time that our office was founded in 1968.Finland was then developing into a Nordic welfare state after the post-war period of rebuilding, and urbanisation similarly led to a great demand for infrastructure building and sports and leisure facilities.It was in such projects that we developed the skills and solutions that later paved our way to China.

The first wave of foreign architects in China consisted mainly of architectural firms from the US, Japan and Hong Kong.It was in the second wave, among numerous other European practices, that PES-Architects took their first steps in the Chinese market in 2003.

Our first contacts to China were formed while building the stone floor for the expansion of the terminal serving Asian flights at Helsinki Airport.Through the architect Fang Hai, we got the opportunity to meet local Chinese clients and cooperation firms.

First, we designed a lakeside hotel concept, then an administrative centre competition, followed by an airport competition; of these projects, only the administrative centre was realized.In 2010, we opened an office in Shanghai, which has become the base for our operations in China.By 2020, we will have drawn up around 100 designs for China, often in collaboration with trusted local partners:competitions, concept designs, drafts, but also major implemented buildings.

In the international competitive scene in China, we have sought to stand out as a comprehensive specialist in the design, construction and use of cultural and mixeduse buildings, in particular.This has required extensive networking with experts in different fields.It has also involved innovative parametric design and use of materials.Our Finnish origin is evident in our user-centric approach and the use of natural materials, while a connection to Chinese tradition can be found in features such as the use of curved architectural forms.

Working in China has required a willingness to take risks, the ability to endure uncertainty, and, above all, great patience.It has also developed our working methods and made us faster, more open-minded, and more international.One fourth of our staff originate from other countries around the world.Despite this, the Finnish way of thinking continues to be at the heart of our activities in the inclination to combine functionality and common sense with explosive creativity when needed.From the Nordic perspective, a Chinese client's approach to a project often seems superficial: what will it look like, what does it cost, and lastly, how will it work? We prefer to present these considerations in a different order.

On the other hand, we have come to understand the significance of stories and powerful symbols in Chinese culture and its approach to architecture.A Chinese client does not assess a project primarily from the viewpoint of efficiency,functionality, or ease of maintenance.Even major decisions are often based on an image, so that ultimately it is the skill, sense of responsibility and perseverance of the architect that ensures a successful end result.In ideal cases, we have been able to provide our Chinese clients with comprehensive project management and design that delves deep into detail, which is often not possible for Chinese builders or designers swamped in numerous simultaneous projects.Planning and building are to a large extent interpersonal activities, where the same principles of partnership apply whether work is carried out in Finland or in China.

We regard our work in China as intercultural exchange in a situation in which an undergrowth of small and high-quality Chinese design firms is developing in the shade of massive planning organisations.This will further increase competition in the Chinese market, but at the same time, it will bring closer together the views of different cultures on the importance of a good environment and sustainable building.

PES芬蘭總部辦公室，芬蘭赫爾辛基 PES-Architects Office and Studio, Helsinki, Finland

ICON云端綜合體，中國成都 2017年 Icon Yunduan Tower Chengdu, China 2017

桑拿屋（水獺峽谷），芬蘭波爾沃 2015年 Sauna Pavilion Saukonrotko (Otter Gorge) Porvoo, Finland 2015

拉托卡塔諾綜合學校，芬蘭赫爾辛基 2009 Latokartano Comprehensive School, Helsinki, Finland 2009