圣瑪利亞音樂廳德國新勃蘭登堡

2021-03-04 03:16:06佩卡·薩米寧,JussiTiainen,AxelRothenburg

世界建筑導報 2021年1期

竣工日期：2001年；2017年

建設單位：新勃蘭登堡市政府、新勃蘭登堡城市發展協會有限公司

總建筑面積：6 500平米（853-1 100個座位）

設計單位：PES建筑師事務所

首席設計：佩卡 · 薩米寧

攝影：Jussi Tiainen, Axel Rothenburg

Year of completion: 2001; 2017

Client: City of Neubrandenburg Stadtentwicklungsgesellschaft Neubrandenburg mbH

Size: 6 500 m2

Architectural and interior design: PES-Architects

Chief designer: Pekka Salminen

Photography: Jussi Tiainen, Axel Rothenburg

新勃蘭登堡市位于柏林以北150公里。自中世紀以來，位于德國北部的圣瑪利亞教堂一直是該市的名片。該教堂始建于1298年，是一座由紅磚砌成的哥特式風格的教堂。

該教堂于17和18世紀曾遭受過嚴重的損毀，后由卡爾·弗里德里希·辛克爾（Karl Friedrich von Schinkel）的學生，弗里德里希·威廉.巴特爾（Friedrich Wilhelm Buttel）在1832年至1841年間進行修復和重建。但在第二次世界大戰后一段日子里,，該教堂又遭受火災的嚴重破壞。

20世紀80、90年代，新勃蘭登堡市決定將這座毀壞的教堂變成一個音樂廳，重新對其進行恢復和改造，在此期間，運用鋼結構將教堂屋頂的全部承重轉嫁到外墻上，移除柱子釋放出內部空間。該項計劃是基于PES在1996年受邀參加的歐洲建筑競賽的獲獎方案而實施的。

教堂的長形大廳被防火和聲學玻璃墻創造一個門廳和一個鞋盒型音樂廳分為兩個部分。它多余的寬度通過安置在外墻的頂部和下部的聲學反射板的使用而得以減少。

通過在新的大廳和外墻間加入一個三米寬的過道，解決了門廳空間有限的問題，幕間休息時還可以門廳的一部分供觀眾使用。這個“房中房”的解決辦法使得兼具歷史和建筑價值的外墻仍能被完全看得到，而且新的結構又幾乎完全與墻體分離開。

大廳內的懸掛式聲學玻璃天花板是經過聲學計算所運用不同樣式的玻璃金字塔制成的。

The town silhouette of Neubrandenburg has been dominated since the Middle Ages by the Marienkirche, a hall church built in the North German Brick Gothic style and consecrated in 1298.

The church was badly damaged in the 17th and 18th centuries and repaired and rebuilt by Friedrich Wilhelm Buttel, a student of Karl Friedrichvon Schinkel, during 1832-41.In the last days of the Second World War, the Marienkirche was again badly damaged by fire.

In the 1980s-1990s, the town of Neubrandenburg decided to renovate the ruined church and convert it intoa concert hall.The restoration involved transferring the full load of the roof to the exterior walls using steel frames, freeing up the internal space from columns.The concert hall was built based on PES-Architects’ winning proposal in the invited European architectural competition arranged in 1996.

The long church hall is divided into two parts by a fire-resistant and acoustic glazed wall, creating a foyer and shoebox-shaped concert hall.The width of the auditorium was reduced by placing acoustic glass reflectors at the top and lower parts of the exterior walls.A three-metre-wide aisle runsbetween the new hall and the exterior walls, serving as an extension of the foyer during intervals.This “house within a house” solution allows the historically and architecturally valuable exterior walls to remain fully visible, with the new structures almost completely detached from them.

The acoustic suspended glass ceiling in the auditorium is made of glass pyramids in varying forms according to acoustic calculations.An organ was designed for the concert hall during the construction phase and a technical space was built for it under the choir balcony, but the original budget did not allow for its purchase.It was not until 2015 that the organ project could start, thanks to a local sponsor.PESArchitects was also in charge of thenew organ design, working together with Johannes Klais Orgelbau and Karl Schuke Orgelbauwerkstatt.The 70-register organ, weighing 21 tonnes, was inaugurated in 2017.Its massive lower base is of ash and the organ pipe facade is of tin and stainless steel.