身傍青色巖 留憶是貴州

方童

人們說，去貴州旅行，總是要去青巖古鎮。不僅因為它距離貴陽只有29公里，更因為青巖鎮是一座享有盛名的文化古鎮。巍峨的古城樓、悠長的石板路、恢弘的古寺廟、精美的石牌坊、錯落有致的古民房，參天的古油杉更是在靜靜地等待著人們的到來。

青巖古鎮因身傍青色巖峰而得名，古為屯田駐兵之地。《貴州圖經新志》載：“青崖在治城南五十里，貴州前衛屯田其下。”貴州方言屬于北方語系，當地百姓稱屯堡“青崖”，“巖”音“ai”，后寫為“青巖”。是貴州四大古鎮（青巖、鎮遠、丙安、隆里）之一，始建于明洪武十年（1378年），歷明清兩代，至今已有600多年歷史。

古鎮不是建造在一個平面上的，而是建造在山坡上。鎮中石板路曲折蜿蜒，高高低低，峰回路轉，格局給人一種立體的透視感。古鎮內設計精巧、工藝精湛的明清古建筑錯落分布，寺廟、樓閣畫棟雕梁，飛角重檐相間。古鎮的建筑依山就勢，布局合理，石雕、木雕技藝精湛，凸顯了古鎮人民的建筑智慧，糅合了過去與現代的元素，古韻悠悠又不乏活力。這里曾經商賈云集，至今保存著大量明清時代的青瓦木屋、石板鋪路、古街石巷。古鎮四周筑有城墻，分內城和外城，均用方塊巨石壘砌，城墻上筑有敵樓、垛口、炮臺。氣勢宏偉的定廣門城樓與石板古道、古牌坊交相輝映。

It is said that a travel to Guizhou must include a visit to Qingyan Ancient Town. Not just because it is 29 kilometers away from Guiyang， but also for its rich cultural heritage. The lofty ancient towers， the long flagstonepaved streets， the magnificent ancient temples， the exquisite stone archways， the scattered ancient civil residences， and the towering ancient ketelearia all quietly await peoples arrival. Qingyan Ancient Town got its name from the cyan crags it is backed by （Qingyan means cyan rocks in Chinese）. In ancient times， garrison troops used to reclaim wasteland and station here. Originally built in the 10th year during the reign of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty （1378）， it underwent the Ming and Qing Dynasties， with a history of more than 600 years. It is now one of the four ancient towns （Qingyan， Zhenyuan， Bingan and Longli） in Guizhou.