徐訓 林巧梅 周君 宋爽 江國富



摘 要:為實現對機械手的快速高精度跟蹤,采用滑模變結構控制算法對機械手進行控制。針對機械手在趨近滑模面的過程中所存在的抖震問題,在基于模糊補償的魯棒自適應控制的基礎上,設計了一種基于趨近率的自適應模糊滑模機械手控制系統,使得系統能更快的趨近滑模面,削弱系統抖震現象。基于Matlab/Simulink 仿真平臺上搭建了機械手控制系統,仿真結果表明,加入趨近率能加快系統趨近滑模面,提高了系統的穩定性和跟蹤性能。
關鍵詞:機械手;滑模控制;自適應模糊控制;趨近率
中圖分類號:TP241.3????? 文獻標識碼:A
Sliding Mode Control System of Manipulator
Based on Approaching Rate
XU Xun, LIN Qiao-mei,ZHOU Jun, SONG Shuang,JIANG Guo-fu
(Department of Engineering , Huizhou Vocational College of Engineering ,Huizhou, Guangdong 510023,China)
Abstract:In order to realize the fast and high precision tracking of manipulator, the sli ding mode variable structure control algorithm is used to control the manipulator. Aiming at the chattering problem of the manipulator in the process of reaching the sliding mode surface, an adaptive fuzzy sliding mode manipulator control strategy based on the approaching rate is proposed in this paper, based on the robust adaptive control with fuzzy compensation, so that the system can be more efficient fast approach to the sliding surface, weakening the chattering phenomenon of the system. A manipulator control system is built based on MATLAB / Simulink simulation platform and the simulation results show that the approaching rate can speed up the system approach to the sliding surface and then improve the stability and tracking performance of the system.
Key words:manipulator; sliding mode control; adaptive fuzzy control; approaching rate
由于機械手系統具有非線性、強耦合等特性[1-2],為實現對機械手的快速與精確定位跟蹤,需要選擇合適的控制策略[3-4]。滑模變結構控制在系統處于滑動模態時,具有較強的魯棒性,因此適合做機械手軌跡跟蹤[5-7]。滑模控制具有較強的魯棒性,但系統的內部摩擦和外部干擾等影響,會給滑模系統帶來較大的抖震。因此文獻[8]針對具有參數不確定性和非參數不確定性的機器人的軌跡跟蹤控制問題,采用平滑控制律消除了傳統變結構控制系統中的抖振現象。文獻[9]將外部擾動的內部摩擦分情況進行討論,利用模糊補償的方法分別對外部摩擦和干擾進行補償,得到了基于模糊補償的機械手魯棒自適應控制策略。文獻[10]提出了模糊增益調整的滑模機械手控制,通過模糊來消除系統中存在的干擾、摩擦及不確定項,用來抑制滑模系統中的系統在滑模面上的抖震問題。
但由于系統趨近滑模面時,滑模控制系統會產生抖震[11],所以本文在控制系統中加入趨近率,可以讓機械手以更快速度趨近滑模面,減少系統趨近滑模面時帶來的抖震,使其達到更好的控制效果。
4 結 論
通過對所提出的基于改進冪次趨近率的自適應模糊滑模控制方法的應用,公式推導驗證了系統的穩定性。還改善了滑模控制中系統趨近滑模面帶來的抖動問題,與傳統方法只改善系統在滑模面的效果相比,在控制率中加入趨近率,系統能更快地到達滑模面。仿真實驗結果表明,這種改進的冪次趨近率機械手滑模控制系統可以很好地抑制摩擦、擾動等非線性因素的影響,保證系統穩定且實現了對系統位置、速度的高精度的快速跟蹤,同時針對系統趨近滑模面的抖震問題也得到了改善,因此該方法具有一定的現實意義。
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