破解高考詞匯障礙之熟詞生義

湖北 龐 群

素養(yǎng)解讀

從高考考試大綱取消對考綱詞匯的釋義，到2020年新課程省份取消考試大綱， 新課程、新高考對學(xué)生的詞匯能力要求逐步提高，其中熟詞生義就是高考對學(xué)生的詞匯知識與能力考查的一個重要方面?！吨袊⒄Z等級量表》對高中階段的英語學(xué)習(xí)要求為四級，其中對詞匯能力的要求為：能理解語境中單詞和詞組的字面意義和引申意義，如“I have a headache.” 和“He is a headache.”。 由此可見，英語詞匯學(xué)習(xí)僅靠簡單地背誦課本上的釋義已不能滿足高考的要求，應(yīng)盡量多地接觸、理解和記憶詞匯的多種常見意義。

品句會意

1.（2020·全 國 乙 卷C 篇) However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says.__________

2.（2020·全 國 乙 卷D 篇) These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.__________

3. (2020·全國乙卷D篇)Strano's team found that they could create a faint light for threeand-a-half hours.__________

4.（2020·全國乙卷D篇) Since lighting is often far removed from the power source (電源)—such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway—a lot of energy is lost during transmission(傳輸).__________

6. (2020·全國乙卷完形填空) If we admit it is a door, they'll want to go outside constantly.It will drive us crazy.__________

7. (2020·全國甲卷D篇) Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.__________

8. (2020·全國甲卷D篇) What does the author call on other writers to do? A. Sponsor book fairs.__________

9.（2020·全國甲卷七選五)In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond,and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge.___________

10.(2020·全國甲卷完形填空) There，among many other things, Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought would look nice above his dining room table.__________

11. (2020·全國甲卷完形填空) The family called the Italian Culture Ministry; the official confirmed that the paintings were originals and worth as much as $50 million.__________

國內(nèi)運(yùn)用小型焚燒爐處理鄉(xiāng)村生活垃圾尚處于探索階段，小型焚燒爐主要包括直接焚燒、氣化焚燒和熱解耦合焚燒3種技術(shù)路線，其中熱解耦合焚燒污染排放的原始濃度最低、灰渣重金屬的浸出值最小，可以解決飛灰的出路問題，是有前途的一種技術(shù)，但也需要配套煙氣洗滌、飛灰收集和NOx還原設(shè)備方能滿足日益嚴(yán)格的排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。小型焚燒爐潛在環(huán)境風(fēng)險主要集中在煙氣達(dá)標(biāo)排放和飛灰安全處置方面，應(yīng)該作為政府監(jiān)管的重點(diǎn)。

12. (2020·全國甲卷語法填空) This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers carries special significance.__________

13.(2020·全國甲卷語法填空) The plum trees are the first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化).__________

14.(2020·全國甲卷語法填空) They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.__________

15. (2020·全國丙卷B篇) Already, a number of films, including “Water for Elephants,”“The Hangover Part Ⅱ” and “Zookeeper,” have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven't been treated properly.__________

16. (2020·全國丙卷B篇)The creative team behind “Apes”used motion-capture (動作捕捉)technology to create digitalized animals,spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor's performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (圖像).__________

17. (2020·全國丙卷C篇) Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted.__________

18. (2020·全國丙卷C篇) The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law: she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.__________

19. (2020·全國丙卷C篇) “We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead.__________

20. (2020·全國丙卷完形填空) I remember the first really difficult customer we had at Covent Garden.__________

21. (2020·全國丙卷完形填空) That taught me a valuable lesson and I pass it on to the people who work in the market.__________

22.(2020·全國丙卷完形填空)She was displeased with absolutely everything, nothing was right and I was rather surprised that she became a“regular”.__________

23.(2020·全國丙卷完形填空)If a customer is rude or difficult,just think “Maybe she's had a row with her husband...”___________

24.(2020·全國丙卷語法填空)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.__________

25. (2019·全國乙卷B篇) But he's nervous.“I'm here to tell you today why you should...should...” Chris trips on the “-ld,” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers.__________

26.(2019·全 國 乙 卷D 篇) The likables'plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work.__________

27. (2019·全國乙卷七選五)Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight. While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.__________

28. (2019·全國乙卷完形填空) The crowds might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers(冰川)are disappearing,changing the face of Kilimanjaro.___________

29.(2019·全國乙卷完形填空)The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying off.__________

30.（2019·全國乙卷完形填空) This view is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as climbers go through five ecosystems (生態(tài)系統(tǒng)) in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest.__________

31.（2019·全 國 乙 卷 完 形 填 空) I count twelve shades of green from where I stand.Above 4,000 meters is the highland desert: gravel (礫石), stones and rocks.__________

32.(2019·全國乙卷語法填空) Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集)around human settlements,leading to the illusion (錯覺)that populations are higher than they actually are.__________

33. (2019·全國甲卷A篇) After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left.__________

34. (2019·全國甲卷B篇) Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more...__________

35. (2019·全國丙卷B篇) Earlier this year,the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of Chinainspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics (美學(xué)) on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries.__________

36. (2019·全國丙卷D篇) On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8.__________

熱詞預(yù)測

單詞 常見含義 生義 例句absence n.缺席；不在 n.缺乏 The case was dismissed in the absence of evidence.accompany v.陪伴 v.伴隨；伴奏 The strong winds were accompanied by heavy rain.ache v.疼痛 v.渴望 He ached to see her.address n.地址 v.致函 Address your application letter to the manager.against prep.反對；違反 prep.襯托 His red clothes stood out clearly against the snow.agree v.同意 v.適合(某人) The food in England doesn't agree with me.air n.空氣 n.神情 He answered with an air of impatience.arm n.手臂 v.武裝 She armed herself with rich knowledge.assume v.假設(shè)；認(rèn)為 v.呈現(xiàn)；顯露 This matter has assumed great importance.back n.背部 v.幫助；支持 Her parents backed her in her choice of career.balance n.平衡 n.余額 I'd like to check the balance in my account please.bare adj.裸的；光禿的 adj.僅夠的；最基本的 The family was short of the bare necessities of life.bear v.承受；忍受 v.顯示；帶有 The document bears her signature.

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