華潤(rùn)小徑灣大學(xué)

2021-05-11 06:42:42NigelYoung

世界建筑導(dǎo)報(bào) 2021年2期

關(guān)鍵詞：校園建筑設(shè)計(jì)

建設(shè)單位：華潤(rùn)置地（華潤(rùn)集團(tuán)）

項(xiàng)目地點(diǎn)：中國(guó)深圳

設(shè)計(jì)單位：福斯特建筑事務(wù)所

合作單位：GDI

場(chǎng)地面積：79 600 平方米

建筑面積： 55 000 平方米

設(shè)計(jì)/建造：2011 / 2016 年

攝影：Nigel Young / 福斯特建筑事務(wù)所

Client: China Resources Land (for China Resources Group)

Location: Shenzhen, China

Architect: Foster + Partners

Collaborating Architect: GDI

Site Area: 79 600 m2

Building Area: 55 000 m2

Design / Completion: 2011 / 2016

Photography: Nigel Young / Foster + Partners

由中國(guó)華潤(rùn)主席傅育寧博士創(chuàng)立的華潤(rùn)小徑灣大學(xué)于2016 年10 月29 日拉開帷幕。這所學(xué)校位于深圳以東沿海正在快速發(fā)展的小徑灣地區(qū)，校園建筑面積55 000 平方米，為區(qū)域發(fā)展的一部分。在規(guī)劃中，這里還要建造酒店、俱樂部、商業(yè)和住宅等項(xiàng)目，創(chuàng)造一個(gè)多功能城區(qū)。

校園坐落于山坡之上，遙望中國(guó)南海。500 名學(xué)生將在這里學(xué)習(xí)管理，設(shè)計(jì)要為300 名學(xué)生和35 名教職員工提供居住設(shè)施。五棟教學(xué)樓和創(chuàng)新中心位于中央林蔭道旁的山頂上，盡端為主禮堂，內(nèi)設(shè)可容納580 人的講堂和會(huì)議室；圖書館，小禮堂，學(xué)生吧，體育館和宿舍被設(shè)置在山腰上，能觀賞海景，蔥郁的植物蔓延在建筑之間。設(shè)計(jì)強(qiáng)調(diào)了建筑的水平感，在建造中使用色調(diào)統(tǒng)一的材料，如裸露的清水混凝土，銅色貼面和特別研制的陶土磚等，讓校園成為了一個(gè)整體。

福斯特建筑事務(wù)所的建筑合伙人Chris Bubb 說道：“設(shè)計(jì)的想法是創(chuàng)造一個(gè)如瀑布般落下的綜合體，其中包括一系列教學(xué)和生活空間，以及露臺(tái)和散步道，鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生相互交流，并且提升他們的生活品質(zhì)。”

小徑灣地區(qū)在歷史上便用磚石建造房屋，設(shè)計(jì)延續(xù)了這一傳統(tǒng)，并將其與現(xiàn)代的設(shè)計(jì)手法相結(jié)合。建造所使用的磚為特殊設(shè)計(jì)，每塊長(zhǎng)度超過半米，用當(dāng)?shù)仞ね梁亢芨叩耐寥乐圃臁C(jī)器制成的磚在燒制前經(jīng)石頭印坯，形成粗糙的紋理；磚塊以1250 度到1290 度不等的溫度燒制，顏色產(chǎn)生輕微變化，與周邊土壤的色調(diào)相呼應(yīng)。所有生產(chǎn)加工均在臨近的工廠內(nèi)完成。

Bubb 補(bǔ)充道：“磚是建筑的基礎(chǔ)元素，可以展現(xiàn)建筑的特征。我們不斷改進(jìn)材料尺寸和成分配比，甚至從當(dāng)?shù)赝诰蛲寥溃员ＷC建筑與環(huán)境相融合。”

磚塊高42 毫米，深60 毫米，由8 毫米厚的有色灰漿壘砌，顏色之間存在微妙的差異，形成一種溫暖的感覺，并且與清水混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)相和諧。精密的設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了樓群高質(zhì)量的建造，磚作為建筑的基本元素，在反映當(dāng)?shù)鬲?dú)特的建造傳統(tǒng)的同時(shí)，體現(xiàn)了大學(xué)建筑與時(shí)俱進(jìn)的時(shí)代特征。

Xiao Jing Wan is a coastal urban development located to the east of Shenzhen. Foster +Partners has designed a mixed-use development consisting of a hotel, clubhouse, retail and residential components in the region, also including a 55 000 square-metre university campus for China Resources Group. Situated astride a hill, with exceptional views towards the South China Sea, the management training institute accommodates 500 students, with residential facilities for up to 300 students and 35 staff.

Five teaching buildings and the innovation centre flank the central boulevard at the crest of the hill, which terminates with the main auditorium building, containing the main lecture theatre for 580 people and other meeting rooms. The library, additional auditoria, students’bar, gym and residences step down the side, maintaining sea views, and are linked by lush landscaping. The buildings are arranged with a strong horizontal emphasis, and use the same restrained palette of materials in their construction, consisting of fair-faced concrete exposed internally and externally, bronze coloured cladding and a specially developed clay brick.

This area of Shenzhen has a history of brick masonry buildings, and the design of the university buildings follow in this tradition with a contemporary interpretation of the conventional building block. More than half a metre long, the specially designed brick is made from locally available earth which has a high clay content. The entire manufacturing process was carried out at a neighbouring factory, where the machine-made bricks were given a rough texture by hand-pressing coarse stones against them before firing. The bricks were baked at varying temperatures between 1250 and 1290 degrees Celsius to obtain slight variations in colour shades, matching the different tones of earth found in the surrounding area.

Each brick - 60 millimetres deep and 42 millimetre high - was overlaid with an 8 millimetre layer of coloured mortar - the shade of which was carefully selected to exude warmth and complement the colour of the fair-faced concrete structure. The result is a precise, wellengineered complex of buildings that derive their character from the basic building block -the brick, simultaneously reflecting the area’s vernacular heritage and the contemporary nature of the university buildings.