深圳坪山錦龍學(xué)校，深圳，中國(guó)

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：Crossboundaries

圖1 外景/Exterior view

“深圳速度”下的深圳坪山錦龍學(xué)校：狗尾草與繽紛樂(lè)高

1 背景：時(shí)間緊 任務(wù)重

深圳坪山區(qū)位于“廣深科技創(chuàng)新走廊”最東端，2017 年設(shè)立伊始，城市人口凈流入突增，2018年秋季學(xué)位供應(yīng)極度緊張，區(qū)政府火速立項(xiàng)，要用一年時(shí)間為本區(qū)新增一批學(xué)校。2018 年7 月，Crossboundaries 受中建科技有限公司邀請(qǐng)，在約16,000m2的場(chǎng)地上，共同設(shè)計(jì)一所規(guī)模為36 個(gè)班的公立小學(xué)。

建筑師們面臨著兩個(gè)巨大挑戰(zhàn)——一是功能多，二是時(shí)間緊。

2 狗尾草：高密度下的冉冉生機(jī)

面對(duì)項(xiàng)目地塊有限、功能很多的問(wèn)題，Crossboundaries 的建筑師們， 通過(guò)立體花園、多層通廊、趣味色彩等方式，破解著由于高密度帶來(lái)的重復(fù)和壓迫感，一片片的狗尾草，象征著高密度下，建筑師對(duì)生活要充滿冉冉生機(jī)的堅(jiān)持。

（1）立體花園：山谷幽蘭，暗藏玄機(jī)

有別于傳統(tǒng)校園布局——通常將體育場(chǎng)推到外圍區(qū)域。建筑師為同學(xué)們創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)“高-低-高”的起伏山谷。被抬高至3 層的體育場(chǎng)位于教學(xué)樓與宿舍樓中間，在樓群中心位置形成立體連接，這里既是交通樞紐，又呈現(xiàn) “中心舞臺(tái)” 感，同時(shí)也成為一個(gè)立體花園，在不同高度上，處處可見(jiàn)狗尾草和花朵。

（2）層層通廊：巧思設(shè)計(jì)，“南北變通途”

3 棟教學(xué)樓中間的一棟不僅在形體上被折疊，而且走廊也呈S 形折線，以便與旁邊另外兩個(gè)教學(xué)區(qū)進(jìn)行交流。為了更順暢地連接這3 棟建筑里的行人，每棟樓的走廊都與主運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)的相鄰場(chǎng)地相連，形成一個(gè)更大范圍的通道網(wǎng)絡(luò)。下課10 分鐘，孩子們最多上下2 層，便可到達(dá)運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)進(jìn)行休閑活動(dòng)。

（3）趣味色彩：黃藍(lán)對(duì)比色運(yùn)用

為增加學(xué)校設(shè)計(jì)的趣味性，建筑師用歡快的黃藍(lán)對(duì)比色，作為功能區(qū)域的顯著識(shí)別標(biāo)志。藍(lán)色表示路徑與走廊，黃色表示停留與社交。

3 樂(lè)高學(xué)校：裝配式下的趣味組合

面對(duì)時(shí)間緊迫的問(wèn)題，裝配式建筑成為解決問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵，在整個(gè)學(xué)校項(xiàng)目里，最終約75%的建筑是以裝配式建設(shè)的，這極大地減少了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)建筑垃圾、勞動(dòng)力投入，且所用工期僅為常規(guī)的1/2，節(jié)省了預(yù)算和時(shí)間。在采用裝配式時(shí)，Crossboundaries的建筑師們強(qiáng)調(diào)了最大的靈活性和美學(xué)性，最終設(shè)計(jì)出一所如繽紛樂(lè)高一般的校園。

圖2 外景/Exterior view

（1）宿舍樓：讓標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化不再呆板

宿舍樓，建筑師采用了3 種不同厚度和色調(diào)的預(yù)制面板組成了立面，最厚的面板為淺灰，中厚的面板為中灰，最薄的面板為深灰。同時(shí)，建筑師在不同高度嵌入了大尺度的黃色公共空間活動(dòng)區(qū)域，為住宿師生提供了交流和聚會(huì)的空間。

（2）教學(xué)樓：趣味組合的外立面

教學(xué)樓的窗洞，構(gòu)成了節(jié)奏變化的立面。在3棟教學(xué)樓中，建筑師共采用了6 種不同寬度的預(yù)制板，通過(guò)預(yù)制板錯(cuò)位排布，窗戶大小尺寸交替變化，使教學(xué)樓立面產(chǎn)生了變化，一些選定的窗戶開(kāi)口周圍還設(shè)置了帶有黃色突出金屬框作為裝飾，凸顯視覺(jué)上的趣味性。

4 小結(jié)：對(duì)公立學(xué)校發(fā)展局限性的創(chuàng)造性

Crossboundaries 已不是第一次設(shè)計(jì)一所預(yù)算和土地使用都有限的公立學(xué)校。作為主流教育機(jī)構(gòu)，公立學(xué)校服務(wù)于社會(huì)中的大多數(shù)家庭，因此覆蓋了更廣泛的學(xué)生群體。依托以往專業(yè)積累，建筑師們打破了固有思維模式，大膽運(yùn)用了裝配式設(shè)計(jì)，達(dá)到縮短建造周期、降低建設(shè)成本的目的，也提出了一個(gè)應(yīng)對(duì)未來(lái)快速擴(kuò)張的特大城市的遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)。□

圖3 功能軸測(cè)/Functions axonometric

Accelerated Architecture for a Rapidly Developing& Thriving District

The Pingshan District in Shenzhen was predicting for the autumn 2018 highly exceeding student enrollment numbers, which led the government to approve several prefab school projects to be completed within about a year of construction.

Within this context, Crossboundaries developed the Jinlong Campus in about 13 months, a multifunctional, predominantly prefab structure, with maximum flexibility and aesthetic personality through design accents whilst providing clever solutions for a high-density project.

Infusing Flexible Individualisation into Repetitive Standardisation

For the Jinlong project, Crossboundaries adopted prefabricated structures to a maximum, for approximately 75% of the project. This reduced onsite construction waste, required wet construction,labour input and the necessary construction period,thus saving budget and time. Due to the use of a local, Shenzhen based prefab elements factory,transportation costs were kept to a minimum.

The architects managed to give the school a distinctive aesthetic quality, its own design character by breaking the rigid repetition of the same panelling.

Six kinds of prefab panels were used on the three teaching buildings, with different arrangements of window openings. Although the classrooms on each floor share the same layout, each of them has a different external wall. Additional accents are set here with yellow, protruding metal frames around selected window openings.

For the dormitory building – highly visible from afar and facing Jinlong Boulevard, the fa?ade is composed out of prefab panels in different thicknesses and colour hues. The most protruding ones are the brightest, the most set back ones the darkest.

The colour concept further defines circulation areas (paths and corridors) in blue and meeting hubs for students (e.g. in the dormitory) in yellow. Yellow is therefore indicating zones where people stay and socialise, and move less.

Clever Interventions in a High-density Space

With a construction area of more than 50,000 m2and a site area of only around 16,000 m2, the plot ratio is almost 2.5, a quite high index for a school.It was essential to design practical public spaces as well as to set aside space for future educational innovation.

圖4 時(shí)間軸/Timeline

圖5 總體規(guī)劃/Overall planning

圖6 宿舍裝配式圖示/Dormitory prefabrication diagram

圖7 遠(yuǎn)景/Distant view

圖8 教室裝配式圖示/Classrooms prefabrication diagram

圖9 首層平面/Ground floor plan

圖10 二層平面/F2 plan

圖11 三至五層平面/F3 -F5 plan

圖12 六層平面/F6 plan

圖13 七至十二層平面/F7 -F12 plan

圖14 剖面/Section

圖15 外景/Exterior view

圖16 .圖17 內(nèi)景/Interior views

圖18 .圖19 外景/Exterior views

The running track of the Jinlong School was positioned in the middle of the campus and lifted up on a platform to allow for other sport areas, art,library and multifunctional spaces below, including a public corridor on the lower level.

Corridors connect the teaching buildings on different levels, adjacent areas of elevated sports fields, are part of a larger scoped free-circulation network.

Considering Shenzhen's subtropical climate,most of the school complex's public areas were not closed off like the classrooms and labs.

A Creative, Human Response to the Limitations of Public-School Development

Crossboundaries delivered with the Jinlong Campus not only a space for education with substantial social impact, but also a future vision on how to respond to an imminent problem in a most creative way, with a multitude of possible variations and modular explorations which will help to deal with similar projects in tomorrow's quickly expanding mega cities.□

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

地點(diǎn)/Location: 中國(guó)廣東省深圳市坪山區(qū)/Pingshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

客戶/C l i e n t: 深圳市坪山區(qū)建筑工務(wù)局/S h e n z h e n Pingshan District Construction and Works Bureau

主持建筑師/Principal Architects: 藍(lán)冰可，董灝/Binke Lenhardt, DONG Hao

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team: 高旸，甘力，侯京慧，David Eng，Silvia Campi，Eric Chen, 王旭東/GAO Yang, GAN Li, HOU Jinghui, David Eng, Silvia Campi, Eric Chen, WANG Xudong

合作設(shè)計(jì)/Collaborator: 中建科技集團(tuán)有限公司深圳分公司/China Construction Science & Technology Group Co., Ltd.Shenzhen Branch

合作設(shè)計(jì)負(fù)責(zé)人/Co-Design Leader: 樊則森/FAN Zesen

采用裝配式的部分和材料/Prefabricated Parts & Materials:

外墻和主要結(jié)構(gòu)/External walls and the main structure

裝配率或數(shù)據(jù)/ Percentage/Data of Prefabrication: 75%

項(xiàng)目面積/Project Area: 16,172 m2

建筑面積/Floor Area: 54,465 m2

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period: 2018.07-11

施工時(shí)間/Construction Period: 2018.11-2019.08

竣工時(shí)間/Completion Time: 2020.01

造價(jià)/Cost: 3.6億元人民幣/360M CNY

繪圖/Drawings: Crossboundaries

攝影/Photos: 吳清山，楊超英/WU Qingshan (fig.1,15-18),YANG Chaoying (fig.2,7,19-21)

圖20 .圖21 外景/Exterior views

圖22 宿舍樓立面節(jié)點(diǎn)軸測(cè)/Dormitory fa?ade detail axonometric view

圖23 教學(xué)樓立面節(jié)點(diǎn)軸測(cè)/Educational building fa?ade detail axonometric view