紐約市消防局救援公司2號(hào)站，紐約，美國(guó)

2021-07-30 07:55:40建筑設(shè)計(jì)甘建筑工作室

世界建筑 2021年7期

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：甘建筑工作室

圖1 外景/Exterior view

新建成的救援公司2 號(hào)站坐落在布魯克林的布朗斯維爾街區(qū)。它被設(shè)計(jì)成一個(gè)訓(xùn)練設(shè)施，讓紐約市消防局專(zhuān)業(yè)救援人員的精英力量能在這座建筑內(nèi)部、頂部和周?chē)萘?xí)并模擬多種緊急情況。

救援公司的訓(xùn)練意在應(yīng)對(duì)各種緊急情況——從火災(zāi)到建筑倒塌，再到水下救援和潛水作業(yè)。在這些緊急情況中，救援人員必須經(jīng)常利用建筑中的空洞，通過(guò)它們將熱和煙排出建筑，或?qū)⑺鼈冏鳛樘由穆窂健?/p>

為提高公司的訓(xùn)練效果，新建筑是圍繞內(nèi)部的大中庭組織的。這個(gè)空間從地面直通屋頂。中庭可以利用建筑的高度及附屬的陽(yáng)臺(tái)、天橋、門(mén)廊、爬梯和樓梯等，模擬城市常見(jiàn)的救援狀況，供消防隊(duì)演習(xí)。同時(shí)，建筑將自然光和新風(fēng)引入生活區(qū)，提高了建筑內(nèi)的日常生活質(zhì)量。

設(shè)計(jì)還創(chuàng)造了保障救援人員福祉的公共環(huán)境。朝向設(shè)備層的廚房被設(shè)計(jì)為主要的社交空間。后院提供了必需的休閑、社交和戶(hù)外燒烤的場(chǎng)地?？拷?xùn)練房和辦公室的露天門(mén)廊將新風(fēng)引入建筑二層。

綠化屋頂、地?zé)崤照{(diào)系統(tǒng)和太陽(yáng)能熱水系統(tǒng)降低了能耗，并減少了建筑的碳排放。憑借可變的空間、環(huán)保設(shè)計(jì)和近人的尺度，新的救援2 號(hào)樓既是一件街區(qū)小品，也是至關(guān)重要的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。它為訓(xùn)練有素的隊(duì)員提供保障，讓這些勇士能夠守護(hù)以紐約為家的人。

在建筑外部，紅色釉面陶板包圍著一連串尺度更小的洞口（門(mén)窗等）。上面精雕細(xì)琢的細(xì)部為建筑與其守護(hù)的社區(qū)之間的連接處平添了許多生氣。

早期對(duì)應(yīng)急人員使用設(shè)備的研究從項(xiàng)目之初便為設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程提供了依據(jù)，并幫助建筑師將建筑本身設(shè)想成一個(gè)訓(xùn)練設(shè)施。

為了建筑能堅(jiān)固耐久并經(jīng)受訓(xùn)練活動(dòng)的磨損，采用了全部預(yù)澆混凝土的方案。項(xiàng)目使用了95 個(gè)預(yù)澆混凝土構(gòu)件，以此實(shí)現(xiàn)了模擬復(fù)雜救援情況的耐火結(jié)構(gòu)。建筑信息建模被用來(lái)協(xié)調(diào)工地上的各個(gè)工種，以滿(mǎn)足緊迫的時(shí)間要求。預(yù)澆混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)僅花費(fèi)了兩個(gè)多月[1]?！酰ㄉ袝x 譯）

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

地點(diǎn)/Location: 1815 Sterling Place, Brooklyn NY, USA

客戶(hù)/業(yè)主/C lient/O wner: FDNY, New York C ity Department of Design and Construction

建筑設(shè)計(jì)師及責(zé)任建筑師/Design Architect and Architect of Record: Studio Gang

創(chuàng)始合伙人/Founding Principal and Partner: Jeanne Gang主持設(shè)計(jì)合伙人/Design Principal and Partner: Weston Walker

設(shè)計(jì)管理總監(jiān)/Principal of Design Management: William Emmick

結(jié)構(gòu)工程設(shè)計(jì)/Structural Engineer: Thornton Tomasetti

機(jī)電暖通消防工程及外立面顧問(wèn)/MEP/FP Engineer and Fa?ade Consultant: ads

土木工程設(shè)計(jì)/Civil Engineer: Langan

施工管理/Construction Manager: The LiRo Group

總承包商/General Contractor: ZHL Group

景觀建筑設(shè)計(jì)/Landscape Architect: SCAPE

照明設(shè)計(jì)/Lighting Designer: Domingo Gonzalez Associates其他顧問(wèn)/Other Consultants: Once-Future（標(biāo)識(shí)系統(tǒng)/wayfinding）, PW Grosser（地?zé)嵯到y(tǒng)/geothermal system）, Toscano Clements Taylor（造價(jià)測(cè)算/cost estimator）, KM Associates of New York（項(xiàng)目協(xié)調(diào)/expeditor）

預(yù)制構(gòu)件/Prefabricated Building Elements: 保溫預(yù)制混凝土板，空心板，三通板/Insulated Precast Concrete Panels,Hollow Core Planks and Tees

面積/Size: 1858 m2

造價(jià)/Total Project Cost: 3200萬(wàn)美元/32M USD

繪圖/Drawings: Studio Gang

攝影/Photos: Tom Harris

圖2 總平面/Site plan

圖3 .圖4 外景/Exterior views

圖5 內(nèi)景/Interior view

圖6 內(nèi)景/Interior view

圖7 外景/Exterior view

Located in Brooklyn's Brownsville neighbourhood,the new Rescue Company 2 facility is designed as a tool for training, enabling FDNY's elite force of specialised rescue workers to stage and simulate a wide range of emergency conditions in, on, and around the building.

The rescue company is trained to respond to various emergency scenarios, from fire and building collapses to water rescues and scuba operations.During these emergencies, rescuers must often utilise voids in buildings, whether creating them to let heat and smoke out of a structure or locating them as a means of escape.

To enhance the company’s training, the new facility is organised around a large interior void, a space that extends from the ground to roof level. The void enables the team to practice rescue scenarios that mimic conditions common to the city, using its height and associated elements of balconies, bridge,doorways, ladders, and stairs. At the same time, it introduces natural light and fresh air, improving the quality of everyday life within the building.

The design also creates a communal environment that supports the well-being of the rescue workers.The kitchen is designed as a primary social space,opening onto the apparatus floor. The back yard offers a venue for much-needed down time,socialising, and outdoor grilling. Open-air porches adjacent to the exercise room and office deliver fresh air to the facility's second floor.

A green roof, geothermal HVAC system, and solar water-heating system reduce energy use,lowering the building's carbon footprint. With its adaptable spaces, environmental approach,and civic scale, the new Rescue 2 facility is both a neighbourhood fixture and important piece of infrastructure, supporting a highly trained corps who safeguard those who call New York home.

On the exterior, red glazed terracotta panels surround a smaller-scale series of voids (windows and doors) with highly crafted details animating these points of connection between the facility and the community it serves.

An early study of the tools used by emergency workers informed the design process from the beginning, and helped the architect to conceive of the building itself as a training tool.

A total precast concrete solution was adopted for its robust and durable performance and the ability to withstand the wear and tear of the training scenarios. The project used 95 precast concrete elements, which provides a fire-resistant structure to run complex rescue simulations.Building Information Modelling (BIM) was used to coordinate trades on the construction site to meet the tight schedule. Precast concrete erection was completed over 2 months[1].□ (Main text provided by Studio Gang, otherwise noted in the Reference.)