滑鐵盧集裝箱酒店，倫敦，英國

2021-07-30 07:56:08建筑設計杜恩西爾弗克爾建筑事務所

世界建筑 2021年7期

建筑設計：杜恩-西爾弗-克爾建筑事務所

圖1 外景/Exterior view（攝影/Photo: Edmund Sumner）

在與客戶第一次會面時，我們就已經對該方案的潛力充滿期待。它不僅僅是一個獨立的項目，并且有潛力成為未來的居住模式。“集裝箱酒店”的設計方案現已一舉成為其他項目的原型。我們的客戶熱衷于可持續發展和再利用，而他們的集裝箱情結開始于“大象堡藝術品”項目（同時期的孵化器計劃）。此外，我們也在倫敦的諸多重建區探索著此類項目。

要實現獨特且顛覆傳統的想法，就得直面挑戰。由于靠近滑鐵盧車站，安全問題和噪音問題讓這次挑戰難上加難。為了克服這些問題，我們與其他相關人員緊密合作，并采用了先進的材料及設計方案。

這座創新型5 層模塊化體量著重于簡樸性、堅固性、耐用性，設有20 間客房/公寓。每間均由一個可回收的30 英尺集裝箱組成。該設計的一個關鍵元素便是“擁抱周圍的城市環境”。因此，為了與其保護區的位置保持一致，該項目的高度不對街景造成任何干擾，這些集裝箱被漆成白色，向下馬什路沿街的那些灰泥房子致敬。酒店的外部則采用了醒目的立面——“突出的翼鰭”作為雕塑，這種焊接鋼幕既可以保護隱私又能遮陽。這種多面體幕墻讓建筑在不同角度呈現出不同的外觀，為酒店貼上了獨特的標識。每片鰭的內面都為深橙色，呼應了集裝箱的耐候鋼材質。這兩種顏色的選擇也與下馬什路的白色灰泥及紅磚立面等兩大用材相呼應。每間公寓的窗戶均為簡單的固定式高性能層壓雙層玻璃，并利用半色調玻璃塊來遮擋窗戶的下半部以保護隱私。底樓的接待區和“Unwined”酒吧為當地人和下馬什路上的游客打造了一個有趣的新去處。

酒店半封閉式的背面方便客人欣賞倫敦南岸地區的廣闊天際線，包括倫敦眼等地標。不過，考慮到酒店后方緊鄰西南干線鐵路，DSK 事務所采用了各種措施來盡量減少振動和噪音。每一層都使用了不同密度的專用隔音橡膠墊，而事務所指定的高性能房門則完美解決了噪音和安全問題。

該項目被設想成一個精致的外殼，平衡了其物理堅固性及其最終所需的觸覺改進。

集裝箱的內部由石頭以及染色或天然膠合板等自制表面覆蓋，高性能的材料可使內部尺寸、耐久性和壽命最大化。為了確保每間客房均能符合相應的建筑法規，DSK 事務所進行了大量研究。每個集裝箱內都裝有內部鋼箱式框架，來加強其被拆除的原有部分，且都增加了絕緣處理和防火內襯——每個集裝箱實際上都是獨立的結構。

圖2 外景/Exterior view（攝影/Photo: Edmund Sumner）

DSK 事務所采用簡單而緊湊的布局優化了每間客房的空間、使用體驗和功能，并配以木材和大理石等高品質的天然飾面。空間的有效利用使得廚房配備齊全——洗碗機、水槽、微波爐、便攜式電爐以及刀叉餐具、陶制餐具和燉鍋一應俱全。此外，床采用了多功能設計，而墻上的軟墊則為客人觀看電視提供便利。事務所還運用了柔和的色彩模式，從亮到暗微妙地轉換著，營造出更寬敞的空間感，以避免“隧道效應”并提升客人的舒適感。

這一行業習慣于使用新產品，而非二手產品。然而，回收利用是資源利用規范的一部分，即充分發揮產品的潛能。通過使用二手（非新預制）集裝箱，我們節約了能源與自然資源。這樣一來，還降低了原材料的成本。據了解，這些集裝箱源自荷蘭，隨后被運往土耳其。它們被當作“廢品”出售——意味著不再具有氣密性。集裝箱原長40 英尺，被砍至30 英尺，并在外部場所完成加工。40 英尺為最常見的尺寸，我們采用高柜集裝箱來盡可能提高天花板的高度。該設計使用了國際標準的 30 英尺高柜集裝箱，其外部尺寸為：長9125mm，寬2438mm，高2896mm。

我們原計劃在場外完成集裝箱飾面的所有安裝，但由于項目進度延誤且受通往威斯敏斯特橋路的高速工程影響，飾面最后在現場壓平打包并安裝。此外，我們不僅使用了其他有趣的可持續性材料，比如以FSC 森林認證的木材作為襯板和內部家具，通常還會嘗試在該項目中指定使用二手或可回收材料。光伏板也被安裝在屋頂層。

團隊對集裝箱抱有共同的浪漫認識，它們的構造特性與無限潛力遠超于其工業壽命。酒店的第一批客人是一個家庭，他們很喜歡睡在集裝箱里，孩子們更是不舍離開。這樣一來，我們便覺得自己做對了。項目最終變成了很上鏡的建筑，這似乎也不錯。□（王單單譯）

圖3 外景/Exterior view（攝影/Photo: Edmund Sumner）

We were passionate about the potential of the scheme from our first meeting with the client,not only as an individual project but its potential for future living models. The design resolution of Stowaway has become prototype for other things to come. Our client is passionate about sustainability and repurposing. Their enthusiasm for shipping containers started at Artworks in Elephant and Castle (a meantime incubator scheme) and we have explored similar schemes in a number of regeneration areas across London.

Creating something unique and unconventional is always challenging…a challenge exacerbated by the site's close proximity to Waterloo Station with its inherent security and acoustic issues. Close collaboration with other stakeholders as well as the use of advanced materials and design solutions meant that the scheme could overcome these challenges.

圖4 總平面/Site plan

With a focus on simplicity, robustness and durability, the innovative 5-storey modular development consists of 20 rooms/apartments, each formed from a recycled 30ft shipping container.A key element of the design was to embrace the surrounding urban environment. In keeping with its conservation area location the height of the scheme is not disruptive on the street scene, and the containers are painted white as a nod to the stucco fronted properties along Lower Marsh. The hotel's exterior also employs a striking fa?ade of projecting fins, applied as a sculptural, welded steel screen that assists both privacy and solar-shading. Providing the hotel with a distinctive identity, the faceted screen alters the appearance of the building when viewed from different angles, the deep orange interior facet of each fin referencing the weathering steel of shipping containers. The two colours chosen were also a reference to the materiality of Lower Marsh which are predominantly white stucco or red brick facades.The windows to each apartment comprise a simple,fixed high-performance laminated double-glazed unit,with a halftone frit to obscure the lower part of the window for privacy. At ground floor level, a reception area and wine bar (Unwined) offer an exciting new destination for locals and visitors to Lower Marsh.

The semi-enclosed back of the hotel enables guests to view the wide skyline of London's Southbank area, including landmarks such as the London Eye. However, given the proximity of the South Western Main Line immediately adjacent to the hotel's rear, DSK's design includes various measures to carefully mitigate against vibrations and sound. Specialised acoustic rubber pads of varying densities have been applied to each floor and the practice has specified high performance doors that address both acoustic and security issues.

The project was conceived as a refined shell which balances physical robustness and the haptic refinement necessary for its end use. The interiors of the containers are clad with self-finished surfaces such as stone and stained or natural plywood,optimising high-performance materials to maximise internal dimensions, durability and longevity. DSK undertook extensive research to ensure each room meets appropriate building regulations. An internal steel box frame is installed in each container to strengthen it where any original part is removed,and each is insulated and lined for fire resistance –every container is effectively its own building.

圖5 .圖6 剖面/Sections

圖7 -9 內景/Interior views（攝影/Photos: Edmund Sumner）

圖10 首層平面/Ground floor plan

圖11 二層平面/First floor plan

圖12 走廊實景/View of the corridor（攝影/Photo: Edmund Sumner）

圖13 樓梯和電梯實景/View of the stair and elevator（攝影/Photo: Edmund Sumner）

圖14 電梯實景/View of the elevator（攝影/Photo: Edmund Sumner）

DSK has optimised the space, use and function of each room with a simple, restrained configuration,detailed with high-quality, natural finishes such as timber and marble. The efficient use of space enables the provision of a kitchen – complete with dishwasher, sink, microwave, portable hotplate, and a set of cutlery, crockery and saucepans. The bed is designed to be multi-functional, with wall cushions to adapt for TV viewing. DSK has also employed a muted colour palette that subtly shifts from light to dark to evoke a greater sense of space, and to further ensure guest comfort by preventing a "tunnel effect"sensation.

The industry is more used to specifying new rather than sourcing second-hand, however,recycling is part of the ethic of resource efficiency i.e. of using products to their fullest potential.By utilising used shipping containers rather than newly prefabricated units we're conserving energy and natural resources and in this case we are also benefitting from cost reductions in the raw material.We understand the containers for the project were sourced from the Netherlands and shipped to Turkey. The containers were purchased as "end of life" units which means they no longer achieve airtightness. The containers were 40 ft long and cut down to 30 ft, made good and finished in an offsite facility. 40ft containers are the most common dimension and we used high cube containers to maximise the ceiling height. The standard ISO 30'High Cube Container which our design is based on has the following external dimensions: Length -9125 mm; Width - 2438 mm; Height – 2896 mm.

The container finishes were designed to be fully fitted out off site, however due to programme delays and highways works to Westminster Bridge Road,the finishes were flat packed and fitted out on-site.Other notable sustainability features include the use of FSC certified timber for the linings and builtin furniture, and we generally tried to specify either recycled or recyclable materials for the scheme.Photovoltaic panels are also installed at roof level.

The team has a shared romantic vision for shipping containers, their tectonic qualities and endless potential beyond their industrial life.Meeting some of the first guests, a family so enamoured with sleeping in their shipping container their children didn't want to leave, felt like we have got it right; it also doesn't hurt that it turned out quite photogenic.□