王桂馨

英語中的書面表達能充分體現學生的綜合語言能力,尤其是書面交際能力。書面表達的形式多種多樣,如:看圖寫作、書信、通知等應用文;情景、人物、故事的寫作等。從現在各地區的綜合分析來看,考查書面表達的體裁主要有三種:記敘文、說明文和應用文。命題形式以看圖作文和提示性作文為主。這里我們主要來分析一下提示性作文的解題方法。
提示性書面表達主要有以下幾種設題類型:
一、根據中文提示
根據中文提示寫作,一般給出7—10句中文提示,其中大部分要點是要自己發揮的。在中文提示中一般要求根據提示寫一封回信、一張海報等體裁。例如:
在初中三年的學習生活中,父母、老師給了我們很多幫助。假設你是李明,在即將畢業之際,請你用英語寫一段文字以表達感激之情。感謝的對象可在老師、父母中任選其一,內容必須包括以下提示:
1. 感謝的對象及原因;2. 舉例說明幫助你的事由、經過和結果;3. 你的感受和打算。
范文:
Dear Mr / Mrs / Miss X,
Words cant show my thanks to you. Youve helped me a lot in my studies since I came to this school. When I was in trouble, you used to encourage me and give me some advice. At one time I failed to pass an English test and I was very sad about it. You came and cheered me up. You told me some good ways to improve English. With your help, Ive made great progress in English. Im so thankful to you for your kind help that Ill work harder and try to do better in the future.
Best wishes.
Yours,
Li Ming
二、根據英文提示
根據英文提示寫一篇英文文章通常是給出英文提示語,提示語一般以單詞、短語或句子的形式出現。在寫作過程中通常要把所出現的單詞、短語都用上。例如:
在英語課上,老師請你們就“Lucky Money (壓歲錢)”這個話題分組進行討論,但你認為同學們對“Hobbies (愛好)”更感興趣,建議老師更換話題。請你根據下面的提示和要求,寫一篇發言稿,談一談你的理由。
提示:(1) Why do you like talking about hobbies?
(2) Whats your reason for not talking about lucky money?
參考詞匯:ones own hobby, a proper topic (合適的話題), personal, unhappy
范文:
I think talking about hobbies is better than talking about lucky money. It is easy and interesting. Everyone has his own hobby, like playing ball games, listening to music, drawing and so on. It can bring us pleasure and make us relaxed. We have a lot to say when we talk about it.
Lucky money, however, isnt a proper topic for us, because its too personal. Whats more, not all of us can get lucky money. Some may feel unhappy if we talk about it.
So talking about hobbies is really a good choice.
三、根據表格提示
表格型提示的文章,一般列出基本的數據和變化。要求學生結合表格進行總結,并且要表達出題目要求的內容。例如:
假設某中學生英文報開展關于高中生活的征文活動,請你根據下表所提示的要點,以“My ideal senior high school”為題,用英語為該報寫一篇短文,簡述理想中的高中生活,以及你對高中學習生活的展望。
[理想高中??? 校園???? 環境優美???? 老師???? 耐心教導???? 同學???? 樂于分享???? 學習???? 輕松有趣???? 課外???? 活動豐富?? 我的展望???? (請考生結合自身實際,自擬至少兩點內容) ????? ]
范文:
My ideal senior high school
We will be senior high school students soon. In my ideal senior high school, there are many green trees and beautiful flowers. The teachers there are patient enough to explain difficult problems to us, while the students are willing to share their joy and worries with each other. We have fewer subjects and less homework. After school we can take part in all kinds of activities. In this way, our new school life will be full of fun.
I hope to make any friends and enjoy my school life in senior high school. I also hope I can make great progress in my study.
四、根據要點提示
根據要點提示的書面表達是最常見的一種書面表達,要求學生根據要點提示寫作。例如:
初三畢業在即,你班將組織一次課外活動。假如你是班長,請根據下面內容,用英文寫一篇80詞左右的活動計劃。
內容要點:1. 下星期日早上8點在校門口集合,下午2點返回;2. 坐公交車前往寸金公園 (Cunjin Park);3. 唱歌、跳舞、野餐、與老師合影;4. 帶齊食物、飲料等;5. 注意安全和防火。
參考詞匯:at the school gate (在學校門口), activity (活動), keep away from fire (遠離火災)
范文:
Our class is going to have a picnic in Cunjin Part next Sunday. We are going to meet at the school gate at 8:00 on Sunday morning. And we will be back at 2:00 p.m. We plan to take a bus to Cunjin Park. We will have many activities there, for example, singing, dancing, having picnic and taking photos with our teachers. Im sure we will have a lot of fun. I will ask my classmates to take plenty of food and drink. We should pay attention to the safety. And we must keep away from fire all the time.
解答提示性書面表達的基本步驟:
1. 仔細審題。仔細閱讀每一項提示或觀察所給的每一張表格,明確中心思想,弄清題意,確定體裁。
2. 理順要點。在所給提示或表格中標出要點,確定好時態,然后按事件的先后順序或各要點之間的內在聯系排序,分出層次。
3. 構成框架。在理順要點的基礎上,定人稱、時態、段落、開頭和結尾,形成框架。
4. 組織句子,連詞成篇。多用熟悉的短語、句子來表達,遇有表達障礙,可換一種說法。注意句子間的邏輯關系,適當采用遞進、讓步、轉折、因果等關聯詞語,使短文層次分明,過渡自然。
5. 認真檢查。修改成文后,讀一兩遍,檢查人稱、拼寫、短語有無錯誤,要點有無遺漏,有無語法錯誤等。
突破提示性書面表達應注意如下幾點:
1. 熟悉句型特點。為了做好英語書面表達題,熟悉英語句子的結構特點是很有必要的,如句子的五種基本句式、七種類型以及一些使用頻率較高的句式。在平時的學習和訓練中應不斷地去發現、驗證和模仿。
2. 背誦范文。收集英語書面表達題比較好的范文或其他報刊上的優秀文章,每天花時間大聲朗讀,力爭背下來以擴充自己的思路、培養語感。
3. 有的放矢的訓練。針對平時??碱愋偷念}材和體裁,堅持常規訓練,由詞到詞組,再到句子,連句成段,連段成篇。
4. 仔細審題切莫偏題。如果對所提供的材料不仔細閱讀,審題不認真,就會導致在寫作時缺少信息,內容不完整,上下句不連貫,最終導致因要點不齊而丟分。審題時應特別注意以下幾點:①內容要點;②動詞時態;?? ③文章體裁;④人稱。