張菲菲 崔春燕 張傳厚 楊延冬

[關鍵詞] 孕晚期;妊娠;卵巢腫瘤;扭轉
[中圖分類號] R714.25? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] C? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-9701(2021)21-0148-03
A case report of late gestation combined with ovarian tumor torsion
ZHANG Feifei? ?CUI Chunyan? ?ZHANG Chuanhou? ?YANG Yandong
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou? ?256600, China
[Abstract] Most of the ovarian tumors during pregnancy occur in early gestation, and the incidence gradually decreases with the increasing of gestational age. Torsion is a common complication of ovarian tumor, which refers to the anatomical displacement of the ovary, ovarian tumor, fallopian tube along with the infundibulopelvic ligament. Ovarian tumor torsion during pregnancy mostly occurs in early pregnancy, and rarely occurs in late pregnancy. Due to the atypical clinical symptoms, the diagnosis mainly depends on clinical experience and comprehensive evaluation, which is prone to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis. Treatment of ovarian tumors during pregnancy should be based on the gestational age, the size of the tumor, clinical manifestations, and the risk of surgical intervention, etc. Emergency surgery is required at any gestational age due to acute abdominal pain caused by torsion or rupture。This paper reports a case of a pregnant woman,who was admitted to the hospital at 36+2 weeks of gestation due to lower abdominal pain. Considering the possibility of ovarian tumor torsion in late gestation, emergency surgery was performed. The patient recovered well after surgery, and the neonate grew well.
[Key words] Late gestation; Gestation; Ovarian tumor; Torsion
卵巢腫瘤是常見的女性生殖系統腫瘤,可發生于包括育齡期在內的任何年齡段女性。隨著輔助生殖技術的應用及超聲檢查技術的進步,妊娠合并卵巢腫瘤的發生率較前增加,其中大部分為生理性卵巢囊腫和良性腫瘤,良性腫瘤以成熟性囊性畸胎瘤及漿液性囊腺瘤居多。妊娠期卵巢腫瘤的并發癥主要包括扭轉、破裂、產道梗阻和惡變,其中扭轉最為常見。一半以上的扭轉發生于妊娠早期,隨著孕齡增加,卵巢腫瘤扭轉的風險降低,扭轉發生于妊娠晚期者較為少見。因臨床癥狀不典型,其診斷主要依賴于臨床經驗及綜合評估,易發生誤診及漏診。妊娠期卵巢腫瘤的治療方案應根據診斷時的孕齡、腫瘤大小及性質、臨床表現、手術干預的風險等綜合制訂,由于扭轉、破裂引起的急性腹痛,在任何孕齡都需緊急手術。本文報道1例晚期妊娠合并卵巢腫瘤扭轉患者,因可疑早產臨產入院,入院彩超未提示卵巢腫瘤,經仔細查體,結合早孕期超聲檢查結果,提出可疑診斷,及時進行手術,避免了卵巢壞死。
1病例資料
患者30歲,孕2產1,末次月經2020年4月22日,自然受孕,孕36+2周因下腹痛3 h急診入院,不能直立行走,家屬攙扶就診,擬診早產臨產。自述自晨起持續性下腹劇痛,無間歇,無陰道流血流液。查體:生命體征平穩。腹軟,未觸及明顯宮縮。宮高:30 cm,腹圍:95 cm,頭先露,胎心:150次/min,宮口未開,宮頸管長1.5 cm,居中,質中,先露-3。入院檢驗結果未見明顯異常。胎心監護:正常NST,未見宮縮。入院產科彩超(2021年1月3日):宮內單活胎,雙頂徑9.1 cm,股骨長7.3 cm,腹圍33.3 cm,胎盤位于前壁,回聲Ⅱ度,羊水較大前后徑5.5 cm,臍動脈S/D 2.1。查看孕期檢查結果,孕2個月彩超提示宮內早孕,左附件區囊性病變(5.7 cm×3.5 cm×5.0 cm,內透聲可)。孕3個月彩超提示左附件區無回聲,大小5.9 cm×3.2 cm×5.3 cm。孕期于我院規律產檢,后續彩超結果均未見明顯異常。因腹痛原因不明,復查盆腔彩超,提示:左側腹腔內混合性回聲(5.7 cm×3.1 cm×4.7 cm,邊界清,內見無回聲及中等回聲)—左卵巢?結合病史、查體及輔助檢查結果,不排除卵巢腫瘤扭轉,急癥手術探查,術中以頭位娩出一早產女嬰,體重2600 g,1 min Apgar 評分10分,因早產轉兒科治療;探查見左卵巢表面凸起一大小為6 cm×4.5 cm×3.5 cm腫物,囊實性,包膜完整,左側卵巢及腫物、輸卵管逆時針扭轉540°,卵巢表面散在少許紫藍色斑點。見圖1。復位左側附件,完整切除卵巢腫物,因節假日急癥手術,術中無快速病理。探查子宮及右側附件外觀未見明顯異常。手術順利,出血約為200 mL。術后剖視見腫瘤切面兩個囊,其一長徑約為6 cm,內容油脂及毛發,另一直徑約為2.5 cm,內容清亮液體,囊壁均光滑。術后病理診斷:(左卵巢)成熟性囊性畸胎瘤。患者術后恢復好,如期出院,術后42 d(2021年2月14日)復查盆腔彩超,雙側附件未見明顯異常,新生兒于兒科住院治療7 d后(2021年1月10日)出院,現生長發育良好。