免疫學檢驗感染性疾病甲肝乙肝的臨床效果

許琰 馬雪峰 孫輝

[關鍵詞] 免疫學檢驗;感染性疾病;甲肝乙肝;陽性率

[中圖分類號] R512.6? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] B? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-9701（2021）25-0130-03

Clinical effect of immunological test in infectious diseases of hepatitis A and hepatitis B

XU Yan1? ?MA Xuefeng2? ?SUN Hui1

1.Department of Laboratory Medicine，Affiliated Hospital of Heze Medical College，Heze? ?274000，China;2.Medical Laboratory Teaching and Research Section，Heze Medical College，Heze? ?274000，China

[Abstract] Objective To analyze the clinical effect of the immunological test on infectious diseases of hepatitis A and hepatitis B. Methods A total of 105 patients were diagnosed and treated from August 2018 to September 2020，all of whom were suffering from the infectious diseases of hepatitis A and hepatitis B.With the random method as the standard，53 patients were counted in group A，and immunological tests were performed，that is，HBV surface antibody （anti-HBs） and HBV e antigen （anti-HBeAg） were tested by enzyme immunoassay，and then HBV-DNA was quantitatively detected.In group B，52 patients were counted，and anti-human immunoglobulin M （HAV-IgM） was tested by the traditional method. The positive rates of hepatitis A，hepatitis B and the HBsAg，HBsAb，HBeAg，HBeAb and HBcAb of hepatitis B were compared. Results A total of 21 patients of hepatitis A were detected in group A （39.62%），and 7 patients were detected in group B （13.46%），and the difference was statistically significant （χ2=9.186，P<0.05）. A total of 27 patients of hepatitis B were detected in group A （50.94%），and 13 patients were detected in group B （25.00%），and the difference was statistically significant （χ2=7.491，P<0.05）.The positive rates of five items of hepatitis B in group A were higher than those in group B，and the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. Conclusion The immunological test for patients with hepatitis A and hepatitis B can effectively detect the diseases，and then guide the clinical treatment plan，with a high feasibility of testing.

[Key words] Immunological test; Infectious disease; Hepatitis A and hepatitis B; Positive rate

在經濟推動下，環境污染等問題日益嚴重，導致感染類疾病的患病風險升高。甲型肝炎病毒（Heptaitis A Virus，HAV）與乙型肝炎病毒（HepatitisB virus，HBV）是極為常見的致病菌。前者呈球形，不含有包膜，直徑約是27～31 nm，亞單位機構共32個，共包括20面，表現為對稱性特征[1]。后者的環境抵抗性相對較強，在干燥或是熱環境下仍可以存活，感染率較前者高。現階段，乙肝已成為人類健康的重大威脅，且部分患者進展為慢性乙肝，導致不良預后。更有研究指出，甲肝乙肝是導致肝功能嚴重損傷，如肝硬化等疾病的主要原因，需要高度重視疾病的診斷與治療工作。臨床多通過抗免疫球蛋白M（Immunoglobulin M，IgM）抗體檢驗方式檢驗以上病毒，但是其誤診率較高[2]。免疫學是新興的自然科學，其根據免疫學理論進行免疫學相關實驗，可以檢出病毒標志物，進而提高疾病檢出率。本研究選取2018年8月至2020年9月期間于本院診治的感染性疾病甲肝乙肝患者105例，用于分析免疫學檢驗的臨床效用。