橫琴口岸綜合發(fā)展項(xiàng)目，珠海，中國

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：LWK + PARTNERS

Architects: LWK + PARTNERS

中共中央國務(wù)院于2021年9月公布《橫琴粵澳深度合作區(qū)建設(shè)總體方案》，將橫琴島劃為“橫琴粵澳深度合作區(qū)”，確立粵澳兩地協(xié)同發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略局面，以及橫琴在粵港澳大灣區(qū)建設(shè)中的示范角色。與澳門一水一橋之隔的橫琴島地處珠海南端，是連接珠海與澳門的中樞點(diǎn)，擁有與澳門融合發(fā)展的先天優(yōu)勢。隨著基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施逐步完善，兩地經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展融合，在橫琴居住、就業(yè)的澳門居民大幅增加，人員交流將逐漸頻繁。

中國珠海橫琴口岸綜合發(fā)展項(xiàng)目位于橫琴口岸之側(cè)，建筑師充分利用其交通優(yōu)勢，將公共交通導(dǎo)向型發(fā)展（TOD）理念融入項(xiàng)目規(guī)劃及設(shè)計(jì)，配合橫琴島目前獨(dú)特的發(fā)展機(jī)遇，打造兼具多元化功能、高效便捷的城市門戶會(huì)客廳，為城市升級(jí)創(chuàng)造有利條件。

1 鳥瞰/Aerial view（圖片來源/Sources: ?LWK + PARTNERS）

雙城交匯樞紐

中國城市化進(jìn)程加速，面對(duì)人口密集、交通擠塞、環(huán)境污染等大都市問題，不但對(duì)城市資源造成壓力，更直接影響人們的生活質(zhì)量。TOD作為現(xiàn)時(shí)國內(nèi)重點(diǎn)的城市發(fā)展模式，通過有效組織多元化的功能空間，以軌道交通和友善通達(dá)的步行網(wǎng)絡(luò)貫穿項(xiàng)目和周邊社區(qū)，能更有效地使用土地資源，建立居住、工作、休閑和公共服務(wù)互相連接的短距離生活圈，以“站城一體化”的生活模式激發(fā)社區(qū)活力。

TOD模式尤其適合應(yīng)用在軌道交通相對(duì)發(fā)達(dá)的高密度城市，但由于每座城市的經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)和環(huán)境情況都不盡相同，TOD作為大規(guī)劃社區(qū)發(fā)展模式也沒有一個(gè)統(tǒng)一定義，不可直接復(fù)制和導(dǎo)入任意城市，而是必須按照城市本身的人口密度、出行習(xí)慣、發(fā)展目標(biāo)、文化歷史等特性而調(diào)整，才能成功為城市賦能增值。

橫琴口岸綜合發(fā)展項(xiàng)目由一棟203.9m超高層塔樓、一棟164m超高層塔樓、4層商業(yè)裙樓及4層地庫組成，設(shè)有辦公樓、酒店、零售及商務(wù)公寓，直接連系與澳門的通關(guān)口岸及商業(yè)設(shè)施。2020年開通的廣珠城際鐵路延長線及未來澳門輕軌延線將在橫琴口岸對(duì)接，而項(xiàng)目距離大型豪華娛樂場所及酒店林立的澳門金光大道，更只需數(shù)分鐘車程。

城市門戶會(huì)客廳

在島上土地資源限制下，橫琴口岸綜合發(fā)展項(xiàng)目采取垂直發(fā)展策略，對(duì)功能空間、公共空間、綠化景觀進(jìn)行立體劃分，建構(gòu)一個(gè)擁有城市會(huì)客廳功能的TOD綜合體。項(xiàng)目從布局和建筑設(shè)計(jì)上與橫琴口岸綜合交通樞紐的通關(guān)、交通組織方案以及周邊街區(qū)連接緊密銜接，并妥善利用地下空間、人行天橋等進(jìn)行多層動(dòng)線分流，滿足公共疏散聯(lián)系空間的要求，并提供舒適的使用體驗(yàn)。依托強(qiáng)勁的區(qū)域發(fā)展勢頭，項(xiàng)目的樞紐角色更為明顯，帶動(dòng)橫琴的生活及產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)轉(zhuǎn)型。

橫琴口岸綜合發(fā)展項(xiàng)目的設(shè)計(jì)綜合考慮周邊環(huán)境布局及路網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)，與口岸設(shè)施直接連系，致力建設(shè)舒適便捷的城市慢行系統(tǒng)，降低行車需求，滿足“晴天不打傘，雨天不濕鞋”的全天候出行需要，構(gòu)筑以人為本的步行環(huán)境，鼓勵(lì)健康可持續(xù)的現(xiàn)代生活模式。

規(guī)劃上以裙樓商業(yè)作為生活和工作之間的連接空間，引入靈活多變的開放公共空間，保持與室外環(huán)境的交互連系，為都市人群提供流暢的場景轉(zhuǎn)換及換乘體驗(yàn)，同時(shí)減輕建筑體量，營造門戶商業(yè)氣氛。

設(shè)計(jì)體現(xiàn)橫琴島城文化特色

項(xiàng)目運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)手法，塑造具有生態(tài)建筑特征的建筑，體現(xiàn)橫琴“山水都市、生態(tài)島城”的特色，突出以人為本的城市人文精神。高層塔樓的空間形象塑造了高低錯(cuò)落的天際線，以橫琴的山脈地貌為靈感，同時(shí)避免天際線和豎向線條過于長直，采用流線型設(shè)計(jì)和海洋色彩融入周邊景觀，體現(xiàn)海濱生態(tài)城市特色。

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)重視建筑細(xì)部設(shè)計(jì)，融入了橫琴符號(hào)、風(fēng)格、形式和構(gòu)建做法，展現(xiàn)宜人尺度。立面以簡潔明快設(shè)計(jì)為主，避免大量裝飾性構(gòu)件，每層使用橫向構(gòu)件進(jìn)一步平衡高聳塔樓的尖銳感。立面尺度、肌理、材質(zhì)也與相鄰建筑保持關(guān)聯(lián)。

為節(jié)約能源及實(shí)現(xiàn)親近自然的建成環(huán)境，項(xiàng)目的總平面規(guī)劃、建筑平面設(shè)計(jì)和構(gòu)造設(shè)計(jì)都有利于夏季遮陽與自然通風(fēng)。另外，團(tuán)隊(duì)重視第五立面設(shè)計(jì)，平屋頂均設(shè)計(jì)為綠化屋面。建筑方案符合《綠色建筑評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB/T50378-2014）三星級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

下一個(gè)趨勢：綠色TOD

隨著國內(nèi)社會(huì)大眾對(duì)自然生態(tài)和環(huán)境健康日益重視，TOD的規(guī)劃思路已從純粹功能多元化、高效緊湊和出行便利，逐步轉(zhuǎn)型為以舒適生活體驗(yàn)、低碳建設(shè)、人城自然和諧發(fā)展為目標(biāo)，從“站城一體化”邁向“站城人一體化”。

3 立面/Elevation

LWK + PARTNERS總結(jié)多年經(jīng)驗(yàn)所得，視“綠色TOD”為應(yīng)對(duì)快速城市化和城市交通挑戰(zhàn)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展核心動(dòng)力，緊扣每個(gè)城市可持續(xù)綠色發(fā)展所蘊(yùn)涵的特性。隨著信息科技前進(jìn)發(fā)展，TOD作為商業(yè)和人流的集中地，將與智慧城市建設(shè)交互影響，實(shí)現(xiàn)城市可持續(xù)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。□

4 總平面/Site plan

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: 信德發(fā)展有限公司/Shun Tak Development Ltd.

建筑師/Architects: LWK + PARTNERS

辦公樓室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)/Office Tower Interior Design: LWK + PARTNERS（商業(yè)裙樓由另一建筑事務(wù)所設(shè)計(jì)/The commercial podium was designed by another practice）

用地面積/Site Area: 23,800 m2

建筑面積/Floor Area: 220,883 m2

竣工時(shí)間/Completion Time: 2019

攝影/Photos: LWK + PARTNERS

In September 2021, the State Council of China officially announced its plan to build a Guangdong-Macau in-depth cooperation zone in Hengqin, an island located in the southern part of Zhuhai in Guangdong's, separated from Macau only by a bridge. While Hengqin has always been a natural connection point between Macau and Guangdong, the plan is a strong statement of a synergistic future and deeper integration for the neighbours. Under the new framework, intensified economic and social cooperation between the two and greater improvements in urban infrastructure can be expected. As more Macau residents will choose to live or work in Hengqin, cross-border mobility and exchange will also shoot up.

Hengqin Port Mixed-Use Development is situated right beside the Hengqin Port itself. Architect LWK + PARTNERS designed it as a transit-oriented development (TOD) with efficient programmes closely integrated with convenient transport, setting an excellent foundation for capturing the latest development opportunities. As a multipurpose development, the project makes an engaging urban lounge at the city's gateway which revitalises the island community.

Super Node of Two Cities

Rapid urbanisation has brought a range of urban threats to cities of China, such as densification, traffic congestion and environmental pollution, just to name a few. These not only put pressure on resources, but are directly affecting the quality of life of the inhabitants. TOD has consequently risen as a major development model in Chinese cities, which forms walkable neighbourhoods through effective planning of functional spaces, railway connections and the creation of a friendly and accessible pedestrian network. The result is "station-city integration" emerging as a way of living that energises the community, providing more efficient use of land and growing interconnectedness between living, work, recreation and public services.

The TOD model is best fit for high-density cities with extensive railway networks. However, as every city is economically, socially and environmentally unique, there is no single way of building successful TOD communities. For cities to gain the most from TOD, its planning and design principles must be adapted with consideration of local characteristics like population density, travel habits, development goals, culture and history.

Hengqin Port Mixed-Use Development consists of two super high-rise towers standing at 203.9 metres and 164 metres with a four-storey podium and a four-storey basement. It has offices, a hotel, retail spaces and serviced apartments directly connected with the port and associated commercial facilities. The Hengqin Port is where the Guangzhou-Zhuhai Intercity Railway extension, opened in 2020, meets the future extension of Macao Light Rapid Transit, while the famous casino- and hotel-studded Cotai Strip in Macau is just a few minutes' drive away.

Urban Gateway, Urban Lounge

Hengqin is an island with limited land. Hengqin Port Mixed-Use Development adopts a vertical programme with a strategic organisation of functional spaces, public spaces and landscaping, creating a strong urban connector. While it links the port's facilities, traffic planning and surrounding streetscape with thoughtful planning and building designs, multilevel underground spaces and footbridges allow people to channel through communal areas and enjoy a comfortable user experience. As regional development speeds up, the project is well positioned to facilitate further reform and upgrade of the city's industries and living standard.

2 軸測分析/Axon analysis（圖片來源/Sources: ?LWK + PARTNERS）

The project brings about a comfortable and convenient slow mobility system that unifies with its surrounding environment, road network and the port. An all-weather walking route is set out to reduce the need for cars, encouraging a healthy and sustainable lifestyle in the community.

The retail podium is planned as a link between lifestyle and work, with a diversity of public spaces to promote the integration of outdoor and indoor spaces and provide an engaging transitional zone for passers-by and interchange passengers. It also relieves the impact of the building mass and creates a sense of arrival for those entering the city through the port.

5 入口/Entrance

6 近景/Close-up view（圖片來源/Sources: ?LWK + PARTNERS）

Building Design with Local Characteristics

Embracing Hengqin's goal to become an ecofriendly city, the project's modern architectural language expresses both a humanistic spirit and respect for urban ecology. The two towers stand in complementing heights with one another to create a dynamic skyline inspired by the natural landscape in Hengqin. By adopting a streamlined design and marine palette, it also avoids disrupting the native landscape and coastal environment.

LWK + PARTNERS consciously incorporates local symbols, styles, forms and construction methods in the architectural details. The fa?ade is clean and simple, free of over-decorative elements and with horizontal features on every floor to balance out the sharp tall tower form. The scale, texture and materials of the fa?ade also resonate with the adjacent buildings.

To save energy and foster a biophilic built environment, the overall planning, layout and building fabric are all designed to favour summer shading and natural ventilation. Green roofs are also treated as a fifth fa?ade to raise the presence of natural greenery. The project qualifies for a threestar rating underChina's Assessment Standard for Green Building(GB/T50378-2014).

Next Trend: Green TOD

As China's society becomes increasingly aware of natural conservation and environmental health, TOD as a planning approach is shifting from a purely functional, efficiency-driven and compact model to one that aspires to liveability, low-carbon building and harmony between people, cities and nature. The idea of "station-city integration" is moving towards "station-city-human integration".

Years of experience has led LWK + PARTNERS to believe that Green TOD is the core driver of sustainable development amid rampant urbanisation and traffic challenges, while also taking into account every city's unique characteristics. The advancement of information technology and smart city initiatives will also be closely linked with TODs, which are urban centres with intensive business and foot traffic, in realising sustainable urban development.□