999精品在线视频,手机成人午夜在线视频,久久不卡国产精品无码,中日无码在线观看,成人av手机在线观看,日韩精品亚洲一区中文字幕,亚洲av无码人妻,四虎国产在线观看 ?

利用七大錦囊,突破閱讀猜詞

2022-02-10 02:47:54籍萬杰
求學·理科版 2022年1期
關鍵詞:單詞解題

籍萬杰

猜詞悟義是英語閱讀理解的重要考點之一,近幾年高考試題中都會有一個小題考查詞義猜測。從2015年開始,《考試說明》便把以往考綱中的“根據上下文推斷生詞的詞義”修訂為“根據上下文推斷單詞和短語的含義”。這一變化需引起我們的高度關注,這說明高考對猜詞悟義能力的考查范圍更廣了、要求更高了。筆者在此為考生提供應對猜詞悟義的七個錦囊,希望能夠幫助大家解答好此類題目。

利用釋義法解題

在說明文尤其是科技類說明文中,作者通常會對一些關鍵詞或專業術語進行解釋。常見的有對該詞下定義或后跟同位語、定語從句、冒號、破折號、括號等引出解釋說明部分。通過閱讀定義或解釋部分,讀者便可理解該詞或短語的意思。

【考例1】(2021年全國甲卷,C篇)

9. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean?

A.Be careful! B.Well done! C.No way! D.Dont worry!

【解析】原文:A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “Safe! Safe! Safe!” And thats what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.

本題可以用釋義法解題。根據畫線部分后面的解釋“And thats what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.(那才是真正重要的——掌握了滑板的落地技巧,才能成為一名好的滑板玩家。)”可知,作者掌握了滑板落地技巧,因此他的朋友大聲歡呼,由此可以推出本句的“Safe”有贊美之意,故選B項。

【考例2】(2020年5月天津卷,C篇)

47. The expression “added bonus” refers to the fact that electric planes.

A. give passengers more pleasant views

B. bring airlines more financial benefits

C. offer more enjoyable flying experiences

D. cost less in maintenance than traditional ones

【解析】原文:Theres also the added bonus that electric planes are just much more pleasant to fly in. No loud engine noise, no smell of fuel, just environmentally friendly peace and quiet.

“added bonus”后面的that從句是同位語從句,解釋說明“added bonus”的內容(坐電動飛機更舒服)?!癗o loud engine noise, no smell of fuel, just environmentally friendly peace and quiet.”一句則進一步解釋說明,電動飛機飛行時沒有發動機的噪音,沒有燃油的氣味,環境安靜和諧,這意味著人們能夠獲得更加愉悅的飛行體驗,故選C項。

利用構詞法解題

英語單詞可以通過添加詞綴、合成或轉化的方式構成新詞或生成新的詞義。同學們要熟記一定數量的詞根、前綴和后綴,從而達到通過“解剖”一個單詞,對一個生詞能夠“望文生義”的效果,同時結合文章的語境來猜測詞義。

【考例1】(2016年全國II卷,B篇)

27. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A. Mistake. ? B. Drawback. ? C. Difficulty. ? D. Burden.

【解析】原文:Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, “But Im just not creative.”

downside是由“down(向下)+ side(方面)”構成的合成詞,并且后文提到“作者冒著失去那些有不同思維風格的學生的風險”。因此,我們可以猜測該詞的意思是“不足,缺點”,故選B項。

【考例2】(2010年福建卷,B篇)

60. The underlined word “outlawed” in Paragraph 2 probably means “ ”.

A. allowedB. bannedC. offeredD. refused

【解析】原文:Five million more families in sub-Saharan Africa will get a TV over the next five years. In 2005 , after the fall of the Taliban(塔利班), which had outlawed TV, 1 in 5 Afghans had one. The global total is another 150 million by 2013 — pushing the numbers to well beyond two thirds of families.

本題可以利用構詞法結合文意猜測詞義?!皁ut”作為前綴構成動詞時,有“超越,超過”的意思,與“law”連用,意思是“超越了法律”,即為法律所不容。再結合句子“In 2005, after the fall of the Taliban(塔利班), which had outlawed TV, 1 in 5 Afghans had one.”可知,2005年塔利班政權垮臺以后,五分之一的阿富汗人有了電視機,而在這之前電視應該是“被禁止的”。故選B項,“ban”有“禁止”之意。

利用因果法解題

若畫線單詞或短語前后句子之間構成因果關系,那我們便可以根據這種因果邏輯關系推知單詞或短語的意義。根據前面的原因可以推測后面的結果,根據后面的結果也可以反推前面的原因。因果關系的語境通常由because、so、thus、therefore、as a result of、since、so that、so/such...that...等標志詞體現。

【考例1】(2020年全國II卷,C篇)

30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?

A. Boomed. B. Became mature.

C. Remained stable. ? ? D. Crashed.

【解析】原文:The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.

由“The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades”這一句可知,幾十年來,毛皮貿易使海貍鼠的數量處于控制之下。根據畫線詞后的“the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy”可知,這種大小像貓的動物開始瘋狂地繁殖,由此推知含有畫線詞的這一句指出了原因“20世紀80年代末海貍鼠市場‘崩潰了”,故選D項。

【考例2】(2019年全國II卷,B篇)

25. What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A. Encourage team work.? ? ? ? ?B. Appeal to feeling.

C. Promote good deeds.? ? ? ? ? ? D. Provide advice.

【解析】原文:I guess that theres probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids arent even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, Ill do it.”

由邏輯詞“so”可知,此處可以借助因果邏輯關系猜測詞義句意。畫線部分的前一句提到“她可能需要有人勸說一下”,故“tug at the heartstrings”應該有“勸說”的意思?!癮ppeal to feeling”意思是“打動某人,喚起某人的情感”,故選B項。

利用同義法解題

畫線單詞或短語前后有時會出現與之同義或近義的詞語或結構,它往往暗示了該單詞或短語的含義,這時我們可從熟悉的詞語中推知生詞的含義。常見的表示同義關系的詞或短語有and、or、like、as well、similarly、too、also、either等。當畫線單詞或短語與其他單詞或短語由并列連詞或者表示相同相似關系的副詞連接時,意味著這兩部分內容在含義上是接近的,由此可確定同等關系中的某個單詞或短語所屬的義域,進而可推知其大致意思。

【考例1】(2020年全國III卷,B篇)

26. What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. Listing completely.? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. Directing professionally.

C. Promoting successfully.? ? ? D. Watching carefully.

【解析】原文:One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year.

根據“One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment”可知,這個非營利組織旨在監督電影娛樂業對待動物的方式,所以下文應是表達“該組織今年正在密切關注2000多部電影產品”?!発eeping tabs on”與“monitors(監控)”表達的意義相同,故選D項。

【考例2】(2015年四川卷,D篇)

44. What does the underlined word “nocturnal” in Paragraph 5 mean?

A. Active at night.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. Inactive at night.

C. Active during the day.? ? ? ? D. Inactive during the day.

【解析】原文:And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnal.

畫線單詞前一句說“不是只有知更鳥在人造光下會一直醒著”,而“also(也)”表明這一句與前面表達的意思相近,即“黑鸝和海鷗也更活躍”。“nocturnal”應該是“awake”的近義詞,意為“夜間活躍的”,故選A項。

利用反義法解題

運用轉折對比描述事物或現象是寫作時常用的一種手法,作者常借用一些信號詞來提供相反信息,從而表明一個詞語與前面或后面的另一個詞語互為反義或轉折對比關系。抓住這些信號詞,結合上下文意,我們就能夠快速推測出詞義。體現對比關系的詞語很多,常見的有but、yet、however、while、unlike、instead(of)、on the other hand、rather than、on the contrary等。

【考例1】(2020年新高考全國I卷,D篇)

13. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?

A. Big eaters. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. Overweight persons.

C. Picky eaters. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. Tall thin persons.

【解析】原文:According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), its the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.

由“contrary to(與……相反)”可知,畫線詞一句與前句意思相反,因此“beanpoles”應該與“heavier people”意思相反,意思是“與現存的研究發現(應該避免和食量大的胖人一起吃飯)相反,你真正需要避開的是胃口大而又高又瘦的人”,故選D項。

【考例2】(2012年全國II卷,D篇)

54. What do the words “a replica” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A. A painting of the skeleton.? ? ? B. A photograph of Lucy.

C. A copy of the skeleton. ? ? ? ? ? D. A written record of Lucy.

【解析】原文:Even the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy twice. The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital, Addis Ababa, is a replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom.

由“while(而)”可知,本題可以使用反義法解題。根據畫線詞后面的“while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom”可知,“while”前后構成轉折對比關系,所以畫線詞與“real”意思相反,意思應為“假的”,故答案為C,意思是“一個骨骼的復制品”。

利用語境法解題

有些猜測詞義句意題找不到以上標志或線索,這時我們可以利用上下文提供的語境進行合乎邏輯的綜合分析,進而推測詞義句意。

【考例1】(2021年全國乙卷,B篇)

25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?

A. Admit.B. Argue.C. Remember.D. Remark.

【解析】原文:Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only on their smartphones, according to a survey(調查). Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that its not really necessary and theyre keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.

根據畫線單詞的上文“Of those Australians who still have a landline(在那些仍然有固定電話的澳大利亞人中)”可知,這個調查的目標人群是仍然有固定電話的澳大利亞人。再根據下文“its not really necessary and theyre keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies.(固定電話并不是必需的,他們將其作為一種安全保障——19%的人表示他們從未使用過固定電話,另有13%的人保留固定電話以防緊急情況)”可知,很多人認為固定電話并不是必須擁有的,有些人保留固定電話只是為了能在緊急情況下使用。由此推知,在調查中他們應該是承認了固定電話的非必要性。因此,畫線單詞“concede”意思應為“承認”,故選A項。

【考例2】(2019年全國I卷,B篇)

25. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?

A. Improper pauses. B. Bad manners.

C. Spelling mistakes. D. Silly jokes.

【解析】原文:But hes nervous. “Im here to tell you today why you should…should…” Chris trips on the “-ld,” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. “…Vote for …me…” Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.

根據上下文語境可知,老師借助競選演說鼓勵同學們學會贊美自己。文中Chris的母語不是英語,他學英語才三年多,說話不流利,而且他在演講時非常緊張,所以說話磕磕絆絆,經常停頓?!皊tumble”一詞描述的是Chris演講時的狀態,而A項的意思是“不恰當的停頓”,故正確答案為A。

利用常識法解題

在僅靠分析篇章內在邏輯關系和語境無法猜出詞義時,我們可以借助生活經驗和普通常識確定詞義。

【考例】(2020年江蘇卷,C篇)

61. The underlined expression “stomach it” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “ ”.

A. digest the meal easily B. manage without breakfast

C. decide wisely what to eatD. eat whatever is offered

【解析】原文:For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.

此題考查“stomach”的生僻意思。根據生活常識可知,有的人鍛煉前不吃早飯是受不了的,所以此處意為“如果可以忍受空腹的話,在吃早飯前去鍛煉比吃過早餐后去鍛煉好處更多”,故選B項。

·最后的話·

高考英語試題的閱讀材料選材地道、內容新穎、語言鮮活,常蘊含豐富地道的詞匯和表達方式。文章中有時會出現生詞,抑或是使用熟詞的生僻意思,借此考查考生是否具有通過構詞、語法、定義、同位、同義、對比、因果、常識、上下文語境等線索推斷詞義句意的能力。

同學們在復習過程中應熟練掌握考綱所要求的3500個詞匯,同時具備必要的構詞知識,擴大閱讀量,再適當運用以上猜詞錦囊,相信會對解答好猜詞悟義題有所助益。

猜你喜歡
單詞解題
What’s This?
Exercise 1
用“同樣多”解題
設而不求巧解題
用“同樣多”解題
單詞連一連
巧用平面幾何知識妙解題
巧旋轉 妙解題
看圖填單詞
看完這些單詞的翻譯,整個人都不好了
主站蜘蛛池模板: 亚洲精品国偷自产在线91正片| 国产色爱av资源综合区| 国产精品自在自线免费观看| 狠狠色丁香婷婷综合| 国产精品对白刺激| 中文成人在线视频| 国产欧美另类| 国产精品免费p区| 天堂网亚洲系列亚洲系列| 91精品视频在线播放| 在线观看视频一区二区| 日韩麻豆小视频| 亚洲欧美日韩色图| 无码在线激情片| 亚洲国产天堂久久九九九| 亚洲二区视频| 992tv国产人成在线观看| 日韩专区第一页| 免费人欧美成又黄又爽的视频| 国产一区二区三区免费观看| 国产精品女在线观看| 欧美一区二区精品久久久| 国产精品美女自慰喷水| 91网址在线播放| 日韩在线第三页| 亚洲日韩精品无码专区| 亚洲成人播放| 久久亚洲美女精品国产精品| 国产欧美精品一区aⅴ影院| 91精品情国产情侣高潮对白蜜| 欧美精品另类| 福利在线不卡| 动漫精品中文字幕无码| 国产一级视频在线观看网站| 国产aaaaa一级毛片| 午夜啪啪福利| 夜精品a一区二区三区| 福利视频一区| 伊人查蕉在线观看国产精品| 国产超薄肉色丝袜网站| 亚洲成人网在线观看| 国产一线在线| 在线高清亚洲精品二区| 日韩资源站| 久久6免费视频| 在线免费看片a| 亚洲综合久久成人AV| 国产在线视频欧美亚综合| 美女一级毛片无遮挡内谢| 无码精品福利一区二区三区| 一级毛片免费的| 亚洲一级无毛片无码在线免费视频| 日韩精品高清自在线| 毛片视频网址| 欧美激情第一欧美在线| 91无码人妻精品一区二区蜜桃| 亚洲天堂久久| 青青草91视频| 免费国产无遮挡又黄又爽| 露脸一二三区国语对白| 999精品色在线观看| 露脸一二三区国语对白| 黄色网在线免费观看| 国产91视频免费观看| 欧美一区日韩一区中文字幕页| 日韩天堂在线观看| 久久人体视频| 久久综合色天堂av| 综合久久五月天| 欧美国产三级| 熟女日韩精品2区| 国产视频你懂得| 久久情精品国产品免费| h视频在线播放| 99热这里只有成人精品国产| 婷婷色丁香综合激情| 性网站在线观看| 日韩区欧美区| 国产成人综合久久精品尤物| 视频一本大道香蕉久在线播放| 区国产精品搜索视频| 国产精品手机视频|