精噁唑禾草靈、甲基二磺隆、撲草凈處理后日本看麥娘殘存植株的生長(zhǎng)和結(jié)實(shí)能力

毛海燕 王宇澤 汪金源 王津 廖平強(qiáng) 陳國(guó)奇

摘要

以采自江蘇省揚(yáng)州市小麥田的3個(gè)日本看麥娘種群（AJ191、AJ193、AJ195）為例，研究了供試種群對(duì)精噁唑禾草靈、甲基二磺隆、撲草凈3種不同作用機(jī)理的代表性麥田除草劑的敏感性及藥劑處理后殘存植株的生長(zhǎng)和結(jié)實(shí)能力。結(jié)果表明，在推薦劑量處理下，精噁唑禾草靈對(duì)3個(gè)種群的控制效果均不理想，撲草凈對(duì)3個(gè)種群均有高活性，甲基二磺隆對(duì)AJ191和AJ193具有高活性。與AJ191相比，AJ193對(duì)精噁唑禾草靈表現(xiàn)出中抗性;AJ195對(duì)精噁唑禾草靈具有高抗性， 對(duì)甲基二磺隆具有中抗性，對(duì)撲草凈具有低抗性。AJ191種群經(jīng)精噁唑禾草靈103.5 g/hm2 （有效成分用量，下同）處理后殘存植株繼續(xù)單株盆栽至播種后180 d，地上部分干重、結(jié)實(shí)分蘗數(shù)和種子總產(chǎn)量與不用除草劑處理對(duì)照組相比，分別顯著下降43.1%、42.6%和44.4%（P<0.05）。AJ193和AJ195種群經(jīng)精噁唑禾草靈103.5 g/hm2及撲草凈375 g/hm2處理后以及AJ195種群經(jīng)甲基二磺隆15.75 g/hm2處理后的殘存植株繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)至播種后180 d，地上部分干重、結(jié)實(shí)分蘗數(shù)、種子總產(chǎn)量均與未經(jīng)除草劑處理無顯著差異。上述結(jié)果表明，3種麥田除草劑處理后日本看麥娘種群殘存植株均表現(xiàn)出較強(qiáng)的生長(zhǎng)和結(jié)實(shí)能力;撲草凈對(duì)日本看麥娘具有高活性，可用于抗精噁唑禾草靈或甲基二磺隆日本看麥娘種群的治理。

關(guān)鍵詞

日本看麥娘;除草劑抗藥性;生物量;種子產(chǎn)量

中圖分類號(hào)：

S451.2

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：B

DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2020528

Growth and fertility of Alopecurus japonicus plants survived from fenoxapropPethyl， mesosulfuronmethyl and prometryn

MAO Haiyan1，2，WANG Yuze1，2，WANG Jinyuan3，WANG Jin1，2，LIAO Pingqiang1，2，CHEN Guoqi1，2*

（1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology， Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop

Cultivation and Physiology， Agricultural College （Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering

Technology） of Yangzhou University; Yangzhou225009， China; 2. Jiangsu CoInnovation Center

for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops， Yangzhou University， Yangzhou225009， China;

3. Nanjing Shansi Ecotechnology Co.， Ltd.， Nanjing210039， China）

Abstract

Taking three Alopecurus japonicus populations （AJ191， AJ193 and AJ195） collected from wheat fields in Yangzhou， Jiangsu province as targets， sensitivity of these populations to fenoxapropPethyl， mesosulfuronmethyl and prometryn was investigated， and growth and fertility of A.japonicus plants survived from herbicide treatments were also determined. These three herbicides represent three different modes of action. The results indicated that treated with the recommended dose， fenoxapropPethyl showed low efficacies on the three populations， prometryn showed high efficacies on the three populations and mesosulfuronmethyl showed high efficacies on AJ191 and AJ193. Compared with AJ191， AJ193 showed moderate resistance to fenoxapropPethyl， AJ195 showed high resistance to fenoxapropPethyl， moderate resistance to mesosulfuronmethyl and low resistance to prometryn. Compared with AJ191 plants without any herbicide treatment， AJ191 plants survived from fenoxapropPethyl 103.5 g/hm2 （active ingredient， the same below） treatments showed significant （P<0.05） decreases in the dry weight of aboveground parts， number of reproductive tillers per plant and number of total seeds per plant 180 d after sowing， by 43.1%， 42.6% and 44.4%， respectively. Nevertheless， compared with plants from the same population without any herbicide treatment， AJ193 and AJ195 surviving plants after treated with fenoxapropPethyl at 103.5 g/hm2 or prometryn at 375 g/hm2， and AJ195 surviving plants after treated with mesosulfuronmethyl at 15.75 g/hm2， showed no significant difference in the dry weight of aboveground parts， number of reproductive tillers per plant and number? of total seeds per plant 180 d after sowing. In conclusion， after treated with the three representative wheat herbicides， all of the three A.japonicus populations showed high abilities on growth and reproduction. Prometryn showed high efficacies on A.japonicus， which could be used to manage A.japonicus populations with resistance to fenoxapropPethyl or mesosulfuronmethyl.

Key words

Alopecurus japonicus;herbicide resistance;biomass;seed production

草害是小麥生產(chǎn)中的主要生物災(zāi)害之一，在正常防控的情況下，我國(guó)每年因雜草危害損失小麥約400萬t，損失率約15%[1]。……