西藏地區豌豆彩潛蠅的發生為害及其寄生蜂種類調查

程鑫斐 潘立婷 杜素潔 鐘裕俊 賀靜 YEFREMOVA Zoya 郭建洋 劉萬學

摘要 豌豆彩潛蠅Chromatomyia horticola是我國重要的潛葉蠅類蔬菜害蟲，寄生蜂是其重要的天敵。2018年7月，豌豆彩潛蠅首次在西藏地區被發現。為探明西藏地區豌豆彩潛蠅的發生情況及其天敵寄生蜂種類，于2018年-2019年對西藏拉薩、林芝、山南、日喀則4個地區進行了調查采樣。結果表明，豌豆彩潛蠅在西藏地區發生程度中等，為害等級達Ⅲ級。調查到被其為害的寄主植物為5科7屬7種，主要嗜好菊科和豆科植物。豌豆彩潛蠅的寄生蜂種類包括3科8屬12種，其中優勢種為豌豆潛蠅姬小蜂Diglyphus isaea、雙斑潛蠅姬小蜂Diglyphus bimaculatus和西伯利亞離顎繭蜂Dacnusa sibirica，分別占總羽化寄生蜂個體數的35.71%、28.18%和21.01%，豌豆潛蠅姬小蜂主要來自寄主植物豌豆，雙斑潛蠅姬小蜂和西伯利亞離顎繭蜂的發生期最長，7月-9月均有發生。同期，我們在西藏調查發現了入侵種南美斑潛蠅Liriomyza huidobrensis，為此，本文還討論了西藏地區豌豆彩潛蠅和南美斑潛蠅的寄生蜂種類組成差異和寄生蜂的控害特性及控害效應，以期為制定生態調控和綠色防控策略提供指導。

關鍵詞 豌豆彩潛蠅; 寄生蜂; 生物防治; 西藏

中圖分類號： S436.3

文獻標識碼： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2021013

Abstract Chromatomyia horticola （Goureau） is an important vegetable pest， and parasitoids are important bio-control agents for agromyzid leafminer. In July 2018， C.horticola was firstly recorded in Tibet. Here， C.horticola and its parasitoid species in Lhasa， Linzhi， Shannan and Shigatse were investigated in 2018 and 2019. The results showed that C.horticola had a moderate occurrence with a damage degree of Ⅲ. Seven plants that belonged to five families as host of C.horticola were recorded， in which Asteraceae and Fabaceae were the main families. The parasitoid complex， dominated by the family Eulophidae， consisted of 12 species， of which Diglyphus isaea， D.bimaculatus， and Dacnusa sibirica were dominant species and their individuals accounted for 35.71%， 28.18% and 21.01% of the total individuals. D.isaea was mainly from the host plant Pisum sativum. D.bimaculatus and D.sibirica had the longest occurrence period from July to September. Contemporaneously， the invasive Liriomyza huidobrensis was also recorded. For comparison， the composition of parasitoids between C.horticola and L.huidobrensis in Tibet were discussed， providing future guidance for formulating ecological and green-prevention strategies.

Key words Chromatomyia horticola; parasitoid; biological control; Tibet

豌豆彩潛蠅Chromatomyia horticola （Goureau）隸屬潛蠅科Agromyzidae，植潛蠅亞科Phytomyzinae，又名豌豆植潛蠅、豌豆潛葉蠅，是為害蔬菜、花卉等經濟作物的一類世界性分布的小型害蟲。成、幼蟲均可為害，雌成蟲刺傷植物葉片進行取食和產卵，幼蟲潛入植物葉片取食為害，產生不規則的白色潛道，影響植物的光合作用，嚴重降低作物產量和品質[14]。……