10種植物精油單組分化合物及其混配對藍莓黑腹果蠅的驅避效果

陳穎睿 文光忠 徐芳玲

摘要 為了篩選出對藍莓上黑腹果蠅雌蠅具有驅避效果的植物精油單組分化合物，本文采用Y形嗅覺儀，評價10種植物精油單組分化合物對該種雌果蠅的驅避效果，篩選出驅避效果最優的植物精油單組分化合物后進行不同體積的混配，測定其對黑腹果蠅雌蠅的驅避活性。結果表明：D-檸檬烯、香茅醛2種植物精油單組分化合物對黑腹果蠅雌蠅的驅避效果最佳，且在濃度10%～50%范圍內，驅避率與濃度呈正相關;30% D-檸檬烯與30%香茅醛以不同體積比混配后，驅避效果均優于其單劑驅避效果，其中以5∶5的配比對黑腹果蠅雌蠅驅避率顯著高于其他配比（P<0.05），為79.68%。綜上，D-檸檬烯和香茅醛對黑腹果蠅雌蠅具有較好的驅避效果，相同濃度下2種植物精油混配后有一定的相加、增效作用，具有進一步開發植物源藍莓上黑腹果蠅驅避劑的潛力。

關鍵詞 黑腹果蠅; 植物精油單組分化合物; 驅避效果; 混配

中圖分類號： S436.639

文獻標識碼： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2021267

Abstract To screen monocomponents from plant essential oils （PEOs） as repellents for female adults of Drosophila melanogaster， the repellency of the monocomponents derived from 10 PEOs was evaluated by Y-tube olfactometers test. The best candidates were mixed in different volumes to determine the repellent activities against female adults of D.melanogaster. The results suggested that among the screened PEO-derived monocomponents， dipentene and （±）-citronellal were most effective in deterring female adults of D.melanogaster， and the repellency was positively correlated with the concentrations of these monocomponents in the range between 10% and 50%. Mixtures containing different volumes of 30% dipentene and 30% （±）-citronellal outperformed the single monocomponent as repellents for female adults of D.melanogaster， with the solutions mixed at 5∶5 （V∶V） showing the optimal repellency of up to 79.68% significantly higher than other mixing proportion （P<0.05）. In conclusion， dipentene and （±）-citronellal are active repellents for female adults of D.melanogaster， and the mixture of these two repellents at equal concentrations exhibits synergistic repellency to female adults of D.melanogaster， which has potential to be further developed into plant-derived repellents for D.melanogaster.

Key words Drosophila melanogaster; plant essential oil component; repellent activity; mixture

為害藍莓果實的果蠅主要有斑翅果蠅Drosophila suzukii Matsumura和黑腹果蠅D.melanogaster，其中黑腹果蠅是為害貴州省藍莓園的主要果蠅，屬雙翅目Diptera果蠅科Drosophilidae果蠅屬Drosophila昆蟲。其雌蟲產卵于成熟或過熟的鮮果內，幼蟲在果內孵化后蛀食，造成藍莓果實早落、腐爛[1]。截至2020年，貴州省藍莓種植面積達到1.5萬hm2，成為全國最大的藍莓種植產區[2]。而黑腹果蠅以其繁殖能力強、世代重疊嚴重及發生數量大等特點對貴州省藍莓產業構成了嚴重威脅。基于水果有機生產需求，生物防治成為其主導防治方法之一，也是當前有害生物防控研究熱點。……