如何閱讀小說

山東 李全忠

書不僅是生活，而且是現在、過去和未來文化生活的源泉。 讓閱讀成為我們的生活方式。

文章詞數356難度★★★建議用時6 分鐘

1Enjoying novels is not always easy. Reading requires you to put effort into the novel. Otherwise you end up lost， bored， and confused. Though reading a novel takes work， it is enjoyable， low-stress work.With a little practice， reading even difficult books will become second nature.

2Block out distractions while you're reading. The best novels allow you to sink into them， becoming addicted to the world of the novels while the outside world drops away.Giving your full attention to a book is the best way to read and understand it， whether you're reading novels or textbooks. Novels， however， are often told in a unique way，meaning you need time to get accustomed to the speakers， the styles， and the world of the stories to fully grasp them.

3Nail down the basic questions of the novel before tackling the headier themes.While some of this may seem obvious， taking five minutes to answer the following questions will give you a great foundation to keep reading. These are the essential parts of the novel， and you need to grasp them before moving on to more difficult discussions:

4What do the main characters want?

5Who is telling the story?

6Where and when is the story set? Be specific.

7Summarize the main events of each chapter or part once you finish it. Take a moment to stop and reflect on the events in each chapter. What， exactly， changed from the beginning of the section to the end? Have characters grown? Has the plot thickened? Are you back where you started? Eventually， after you've finished 4-5 chapters， you'll notice that these little summaries form an outline of the novel.

8Form your own opinion on the book， but back it up with facts. Ultimately， once a book is published， it is up to readers to make their own “meaning” out of it. To get the most out of the book， you need to inject your own personality into the reading. You can have any opinion you want， but you need to back it up with evidence from the book.

9In a word， reading novels always rewards you for the effort.

Reading Check

Ⅰ. Complete the following mind map with only one word for each blank

Ⅱ. Discussion

Have you gotten any other methods of reading novels? Can you think of some good ones?

____________________________________________________

Language Study

Ⅰ. Discover useful structure in the text

It is/was up to sb to do sth 做某事由某人決定

Ultimately， once a book is published， it is up to readers to make their own “meaning” out of it. 最終，一旦一本書出版了，讀者對書中的意義就會產生自己的理解。

Ⅱ. Memorize some text-centered chunks

put effort into 對……付出努力

end up 最終成為；最后處于

block out 擋住；忘掉

allow sb to do 允許某人做……

become addicted to 沉迷于……

in a unique way 以一種獨特的方式

get accustomed to 習慣于……

nail down 明確；弄清

reflect on 反思……

主題應用·語庫構建

Ⅰ. 高頻表達

（一）人物類名詞

author 作者

writer 作家；撰稿者

novelist 小說家

poet 詩人

journalist 新聞記者；新聞工作者

editor 編輯

character （書籍、戲劇或電影中的）角色；人物；品質

hero 英雄；男主角

（二）文學類型

classical literature 古典文學

contemporary literature 現代文學

popular literature 大眾文學

light literature 通俗文學

folklore 民間文學

saga/river novel 長篇小說

short story 短篇小說

detective story 偵探小說

mystery story 怪誕小說

whodunit 推理小說

humorous story 幽默小說

historical novel 歷史小說

essay 隨筆

book of travels 游記

reportage 報告文學

criticism 評論

（三）修辭手法

metaphor 暗喻；隱喻

simile 明喻

hyperbole 夸張

irony 反語

metonymy 轉喻

parallelism 排比

personification 擬人

analogy 類比

understatement 含蓄陳述

euphemism 委婉語

pun 雙關語

sarcasm 諷刺

（四）文學評論

create 創造；造成

appreciate 欣賞；贊賞

enjoy 欣賞；享受……的樂趣；喜歡

represent 象征；體現

award v. 授予n. 獎；獎品

describe 描寫；敘述

description 描述；描寫

remark 評述；言論；談論

comment n. & v. 評論；點評

chapter 章；篇；回

theme 主題；題目

plot n. 故事情節v. 密謀

fantastic 極好的

fancy 花哨的；精致的

document 文件；文獻

abstract adj. 抽象的n. 摘要；梗概

absurd 荒謬的；怪誕不經的

national 國家的；民族的

outstanding 優秀的；杰出的

permanent 永久的；永恒的

ridiculous 荒謬的；可笑的

short 缺乏；不足

in short 簡言之

simple 簡單的

spiritual 精神的

greedy 貪婪的

considerate 體貼的

straight 簡單明了的

straightforward 簡單的；坦率的

aggressive 好斗的；侵略的

simple-minded 頭腦簡單的

vivid 生動的；逼真的

conservation （對自然環境的）保護

fantasy 幻想；想象

attention 注意；留心

call/draw attention to 使（人們）關注……

pay attention to 注意

attraction 吸引；愛慕

background 出身背景

attractive 迷人的；有吸引力的

characteristic 典型的；獨特的

typical 典型的；有代表性的

classic 典型的；有代表性的

unique 唯一的；獨一無二的

classical 傳統的；古典的

international relation 國際關系

make a distinction between right and wr

ong 明辨是非

Ⅱ. 美句背誦

1. Some minds seem almost to create themselves， springing up under every disadvantage and working their solitary but irresistible way through a thousand obstacles. 有些人仿佛自己成就自己，在逆境中崛起， 在無數阻礙中孤身一人卻又不可阻擋地開辟自己的道路。

2. Simply put， literature represents the culture and tradition of a language or a people. The concept is difficult to precisely define， though many have tried; it's clear that the accepted definition of literature is constantly changing and evolving.簡單地說，文學代表了一種語言或一個民族的文化和傳統。 盡管許多人已經嘗試過，但這個概念很難準確定義。 很明顯，公認的文學定義在不斷變化和發展。

3. Students who study literature and read for pleasure have a larger vocabulary，better reading comprehension， and better communication skills， such as writing ability. Communication skills affect people in every area of their lives， from navigating interpersonal relationships to participating in meetings in the workplace to drafting interoffice memos or reports. 學習文學和以閱讀為樂的學生擁有更大的詞匯量、更強的閱讀理解能力，以及更好的溝通技巧，例如寫作能力。 從處理人際關系到參加工作場所的會議，再到起草辦公室間的備忘錄或報告，溝通技巧會影響人們生活的方方面面。

4. The difficulty of literature is not to write， but to write what you mean; not to affect your reader， but to affect him precisely as you wish. 文學的困難不在于寫作，而在于寫出你的意思；不在于影響你的讀者，而在于如你所愿地影響他。

5. Literature has the power to shine a light on a society's beliefs and practices.It forces readers to ask questions， start conversations and look for answers， even if one true answer doesn't exist. The themes，characters and lessons in literature are ones that can all be compared to the people and events that readers see in the real world. In that sense， literature is a reflection of society. 文學有能力照亮一個社會的信仰和實踐。 它迫使讀者提出問題、開始對話并尋找答案，即使一個真正的答案并不存在。文學中的主題、人物和教訓都可以從讀者在現實世界中看到的人物和事件中找到原型。 從這種意義上說，文學反映了社會。

6. Exposing oneself to good literary works is equivalent to providing one with the finest educational opportunities. On the contrary， the lack of exposure to good literature is equal to depriving oneself of the opportunity to grow. 讓自己接觸好的文學作品，就等于給自己提供了最好的教育機會。與之相反，沒有接觸到好的文學作品，就等于剝奪了自己成長的機會。

Ⅲ. 讀后創寫

假定你是李華，你的網友Peter給你寫信說他想了解你喜歡的一本中文名著，請你向他介紹。 內容包括：

1. 喜歡的著作名稱；

2. 喜歡的原因。

注意：

1. 詞數80左右；

2. 可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。

Dear Peter，

Yours sincerely，

Li Hua

Ⅳ. 主題測評

見P51～P60自測園地“文學，永恒的經典”內容。