楚靜 張璐 湯潛 劉世國 詹瑛



[摘要] 目的 探討含Ⅰ型血小板結合蛋白基序的解聚蛋白樣金屬蛋白酶7(ADAMTS7)基因rs3825807位點多態(tài)性與子癇前期(PE)遺傳易感性的相關性。方法 使用TaqMan探針實時熒光PCR技術,對山東地區(qū)706例PE病人(病例組)以及926例正常孕婦(對照組)的外周血DNA進行擴增,比較兩組孕婦ADAMTS7基因rs3825807位點基因型及等位基因頻率。結果 病例組和對照組孕婦ADAMTS7基因rs3825807位點基因型及等位基因頻率差異均無顯著性(P>0.05);早發(fā)型、晚發(fā)型PE病人基因型及等位基因頻率與對照組比較差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。結論 ADAMTS7基因rs3825807位點多態(tài)性與山東地區(qū)漢族人群PE的遺傳易感性沒有相關性。
[關鍵詞]先兆子癇;ADAMTS7蛋白質;RNA探針;實時聚合酶鏈反應;疾病遺傳易感性
[中圖分類號]R714.24;R363.25[文獻標志碼]A[文章編號]2096-5532(2022)03-0379-04
doi:10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2022.58.057
ASSOCIATION OF ADAMTS7 RS3825807 SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM WITH GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TO PRE-ECLAMPSIA
CHU Jing, ZHANG Lu, TANG Qian, LIU Shiguo, ZHAN Ying
(Department of Obstetrics and Gyneco-logy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China)
[ABSTRACT] Objective To investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 7 (ADAMTS7) locus rs3825807 and genetic susceptibility to pre-eclampsia (PE).Methods The peripheral blood DNA of 706 PE patients (patient group) and 926 healthy pregnant women (control group) in Shandong province were amplified by TaqMan probe real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. The genotype and allele frequency of ADAMTS7 rs3825807 were compared between the two groups of pregnant women.?Results There were no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequency of ADAMTS7 rs3825807 between PE patients and healthy pregnant women (P>0.05). There were no significant differences between patients with early and late onset PE and healthy pregnant women (P>0.05).Conclusion ADAMTS7 rs3825807 polymorphism is not associated with genetic susceptibility to PE in Han population living in Shandong province.
[KEY WORDS] pre-eclampsia; ADAMTS7 protein; RNA probes; real-time polymerase chain reaction; genetic predisposition to disease
子癇前期(PE)是一種高血壓及炎癥的妊娠疾病,主要表現(xiàn)為妊娠20周后孕婦出現(xiàn)血壓增高、頭痛惡心、蛋白尿等癥狀[1]。PE是導致孕產婦及圍生兒病死率升高的主要原因之一[2-3]。然而,PE的發(fā)病機制至今尚未明確。有研究結果表明,PE與遺傳、氧化應激、炎癥反應失衡[4]、螺旋動脈異常重塑、胎盤缺陷及血管生成障礙等有關[5]。含Ⅰ型血小板結合蛋白基序的解聚蛋白樣金屬蛋白酶(ADAMTSs)是一個新定義的金屬蛋白酶家族,共包括19個成員,其中多個成員在人胎盤中表達[6-7]。據(jù)文獻報道,ADAMTS4和ADAMTS5參與胎盤的形成過程[8]。ADAMTS13可以促進滋養(yǎng)細胞發(fā)育,在PE中的表達降低[9]。而ADAMTS7在人體組織中廣泛分布,主要參與動脈粥樣硬化的發(fā)生發(fā)展[10]、血管基質的重塑以及骨分化[11]。有研究結果表明,ADAMTS7還能協(xié)調血管平滑肌細胞和內皮細胞的功能,從而促進新內膜的形成[12]。本課題組前期的研究結果顯示,PE中ADAMTS7基因啟動子甲基化水平較低[13],而這是否與基因的多態(tài)性有關目前還未可知。因此,本研究選擇影響ADAMTS7成熟和平滑肌細胞遷移的rs3825807位點[14]進行檢測,以進一步探討ADAMTS7基因與PE遺傳易感性的關系,為PE的早期診斷提供新的方向。現(xiàn)將結果報告如下。
1對象與方法
1.1研究對象
選取2018—2019年就診于青島大學附屬醫(yī)院、濱州醫(yī)學院附屬醫(yī)院、聊城市人民醫(yī)院、煙臺毓璜頂醫(yī)院及臨沂市人民醫(yī)院等山東省醫(yī)院的孕婦1 632例作為研究對象,其中確診PE病人706例(病例組),正常孕婦926例(對照組)。PE的診斷標準依據(jù)2018年國際妊娠期高血壓研究學會(ISSHP)制訂的《妊娠期高血壓疾病:ISSHP分類、診斷和管理指南》[15],即妊娠20周以后出現(xiàn)血壓升高伴或不伴蛋白尿。早發(fā)型PE即34周前發(fā)病者,晚發(fā)型PE即34周及以后發(fā)病者。排除標準:有慢性高血壓、糖尿病、心臟病、腎病及肝病病史的孕婦,胎膜早破、前置胎盤、先兆流產、輔助生殖、雙胎及巨大兒孕婦。收集所有研究對象的一般資料。
1.2樣本采集及基因型檢測
采集孕婦的空腹肘靜脈血3 mL,置于EDTA抗凝管中,用2 mL EP管分裝后置-80 ℃冰箱中保存?zhèn)溆谩S醚夯蚪MDNA提取試劑盒(北京天根公司)提取外周血基因組DNA。采用TaqMan探針實時熒光PCR技術對ADAMTS7基因rs3825807位點進行基因型檢測。rs3825807位點上下游引物分別為5′-GTCCCCCTGTGAGGCAA-TTT-3′和5′-CCGTGGTACTCCACCATTTTG-3′。
PCR反應體系7 μL,包括2×Mix 3.5 μL、ddH2O 2.45 μL、20×SNP探針0.05 μL、DNA模板1 μL。應用SLAN-96S全自動醫(yī)用PCR分析系統(tǒng)進行基因分型,PCR反應條件為:95 ℃、10 min,95 ℃、15 s,60 ℃、1 min,共40個循環(huán)。在每個周期60 ℃延伸過程中采集探針熒光強度。通過檢測不同等位基因所標識的熒光信號,判讀待測樣本的基因型。
1.3統(tǒng)計學分析
采用SPSS 25.0軟件進行數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計分析。采用Hardy-Weinberg遺傳平衡檢驗檢測群體基因遺傳平衡,當P>0.05時,說明群體基因遺傳平衡,樣本具有良好的代表性。計量資料數(shù)據(jù)以x±s表示,兩組比較采用t檢驗;基因型及等位基因頻率以百分率表示,兩組比較采用Pearson-χ2檢驗。P<0.05認為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2結果
2.1兩組一般資料的比較
兩組孕婦孕后體質量指數(shù)(BMI)、入院孕周、分娩孕周、收縮壓(SBP)、舒張壓(DBP)和胎兒出生體質量比較差異均有顯著性(t=-51.81~21.07,P<0.001),而兩組孕婦年齡、孕前BMI、孕次及流產次數(shù)比較則差異無顯著性(P>0.05)。見表1。
2.2Hardy-Weinberg遺傳平衡檢驗
Hardy-Weinberg的檢驗結果顯示,ADAMTS7基因rs3825807位點在對照組和病例組均符合遺傳平衡定律(χ2=0.362、0.722,P>0.05),表明本研究選取的樣本具有較好的群體代表性。
2.3兩組ADAMTS7基因rs3825807位點基因型及等位基因頻率比較
本研究病例組和對照組孕婦ADAMTS7基因rs3825807位點的3種基因型頻率比較差異無顯著性(χ2=1.329,P>0.05),等位基因頻率也未見明顯差異(χ2=1.207,P>0.05)。見表2。早發(fā)型、晚發(fā)型PE病人ADAMTS7基因rs3825807位點3種基因型及等位基因頻率與對照組比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=0.146~2.000,P>0.05)。見表3。
3討論
PE是一種妊娠常見的并發(fā)癥,每年在全球范圍內造成約7萬名孕產婦死亡,其中大部分發(fā)生在低收入和中等收入國家[16]。而對PE發(fā)病機制的研究則可以幫助我們更好地診治PE。
目前,有關PE發(fā)病機制常見的學說有如下幾個。①氧化應激-血管內皮損傷學說。內皮一氧化氮合酶(e-NOS)可誘導一氧化氮(NO)的合成,NO可以使動脈床血管擴張。在PE中,氧化應激會增加脂質過氧化物的生成,導致內皮功能障礙[17]、e-NOS缺乏,可以導致胎盤床、腎血管系統(tǒng)和其他器官血管床的血管收縮,引起血壓升高[18]。②免疫調節(jié)異常學說。胎盤、白細胞和腎足細胞中富含Toll樣受體4(TLR4),研究表明PE的發(fā)生與胎盤和腎臟中TLR4的過表達有關[19]。TLR4的增加會導致炎癥細胞因子的增加和胎盤/腎臟功能障礙[20]。此外,抗炎細胞因子的減少也會引起PE的發(fā)生[21]。③胎盤或滋養(yǎng)細胞缺血低氧學說。在正常妊娠中,胎盤的滋養(yǎng)細胞侵入子宮壁,用低阻力的血管系統(tǒng)取代高阻力的子宮螺旋動脈和小動脈。這種重塑在PE中存在缺陷,可引起胎盤缺血,進而導致可溶性fms樣酪氨酸激酶1(sFlt-1)和可溶性內皮糖蛋白(sEng)的過量生產[22]。sFlt-1在血液中可以與血管內皮生長因子(VEGF)和胎盤生長因子(PLGF)結合,而高sFlt-1和低VEGF/PLGF參與了高血壓的發(fā)生。同樣,高sEng有助于高血壓和蛋白尿的發(fā)展[23]。
ADAMTS7為金屬基質蛋白酶家族的一員,基因位于15q25染色體上,其主要作用是降解細胞外基質,與多數(shù)心血管疾病的發(fā)生發(fā)展以及關節(jié)炎中軟骨細胞外基質蛋白的降解密切相關[24-25]。還有研究指出,ADAMTS7的升高能引起孕婦流產[26]。ADAMTS7 rs3825807位點由腺嘌呤(A)至鳥嘌呤(G)的取代可導致ADAMTS7前結構域中絲氨酸至脯氨酸的取代[27],激活的ADAMTS7具有蛋白水解活性,會裂解軟骨寡聚基質蛋白(COMP),影響ADAMTS7的成熟和平滑肌細胞的遷移[14,28]。此外,有研究表明,ADAMTS7 rs3825807位點上A等位基因與冠心病及缺血性腦卒中易感性相關[29]。本課題組前期研究表明,ADAMTS7是PE的重要調節(jié)因子,PE病人胎盤中ADAMTS7的啟動子區(qū)甲基化程度降低,導致ADAMTS7在胎盤中的表達增加,進而抑制滋養(yǎng)細胞的遷移、侵襲等功能,導致母體螺旋動脈重塑不足和血流不足[13],最終導致胎盤缺血,引起PE。而本研究結果顯示,病例組和對照組ADAMTS7基因rs3825807位點基因型和等位基因頻率比較差異無顯著性,早發(fā)型、晚發(fā)型PE病人基因型及等位基因頻率與對照組比較差異亦無顯著性。提示ADAMTS7基因rs3825807位點多態(tài)性與山東地區(qū)漢族人群PE發(fā)病可能不相關。
PE是一種很復雜的多基因遺傳性疾病,受多個基因、多個位點的調控,且環(huán)境、飲食、生活方式等也會對其發(fā)生發(fā)展產生影響,故本研究結果仍需要通過擴大樣本量進行更深入的研究確認。另外,對于ADAMTS7基因多態(tài)性與PE易感性關系的研究還需要選取多個位點進行研究,從而為PE的臨床診治及預防提供遺傳學依據(jù)。
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(本文編輯馬偉平)