凝聚各方力量，緩解氣候危機

廣東 張 燕

Speaking at the opening ceremony of the 25th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP 25) in Madrid, Spain,UN Secretary General António Guterres issued an urgent warning about the deepening climate crisis. He said that our planet was nearing“the point of no return”and that all countries should take even more active measures to limit greenhouse gas emissions.

It has been six years sinceThe Paris Agreementwent into effect in November 2016,but making the climate deal actually operational has proven to be a tough problem. With varying preferences and conditions,it is difficult to provide an accurate assessment and evaluation of the effectiveness of climate policies.Thus,it is not surprising that it remains a major concern as to how to provide the financial and technical assistance needed to help poorer nations to deal with the impacts of climate change and pursue low-carbon development.

Although climate change is an issue needing a global solution,challenges like the freerider problem may discourage international cooperation. The effects of climate change vary in different parts of the world. But the benefits of climate policies are diffused (散布的),leading to some countries not sharing the costs, only enjoying the fruits of others' efforts.Moreover, in recent years, the world economy has been affected by several issues such as sluggish（緩慢的）trade and investment flows, as well as monetary loosening by central banks around the world. As a result, the desire for international cooperation on climate change action has been badly reduced.

However, the international community is pushing forward with negotiations in a cooperative and practical way to make positive progress in puttingThe Paris Agreementinto operation and open a new chapter in global climate governance.

Activity A Reading for understanding

Ⅰ.Text-centered chunks

climate crisis 氣候危機

opening ceremony 開幕式

urgent warning 緊急警報

go into effect 生效

prove to be 結果是；證明為

push forward 推進

Ⅱ.Text-centered sentences

一、介詞短語

With varying preferences and conditions, it is difficult to provide an accurate assessment and evaluation of the effectiveness of climate policies. 由于偏好和條件的不同，人們很難對氣候政策的有效性進行準確的評估和評價。

【點石成金】With varying preferences and conditions 意為“由于偏好和條件的不同”，表原因。

【運用遷移】這么多孩子在說說笑笑，我無法靜下心來工作。

二、形式主語

Thus, it is not surprising that it remains a major concern as to how to provide the financial and technical assistance needed to help poorer nations to deal with the impacts of climate change and pursue low-carbon development.因此，如何提供所需的資金和技術援助，以幫助較貧窮的國家應對氣候變化的影響，追求低碳發展，仍然是一個主要的問題，這一點也不奇怪。

【點石成金】it is not surprising that 中的it 指代that 引導的從句內容，表示“如何提供所需的資金和技術援助，以幫助較貧窮的國家應對氣候變化的影響，追求低碳發展，仍然是一個主要的問題”，為避免頭重腳輕，用it 指代后面較長的真正主語，放在主語的位置。

【運用遷移】很明顯，這一措施是有效的。

Activity B Reading for writing

假定你是李華，你校將在下周五早上舉辦一場關于如何解決氣候危機的演講比賽，請你根據以下內容要點寫一篇演講稿。

1.全球氣候現狀；

2.分析現狀的形成原因；

3.你想到的措施。注意：

1.詞數80左右；

2.可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫；

3.至少需要使用一次介詞短語結構或形式主語。

寫作導引

本次的寫作任務是寫一篇分析現狀并提出解決措施的文章，要求學生在演講稿中分析環境現狀及形成原因，并提出解決措施，同時至少需要使用一次介詞短語結構或形式主語。這些寫作要求和所給語篇的主題語境是緊密相關的。我們可以通過整合同主題閱讀材料的內容和語言，梳理寫作思路和積累素材。

一、語篇解碼

（一）內容分析

What is the text mainly about?

（二）宏觀結構

Fill in the blanks according to the text.

二、素材積累

本次的寫作任務是基于同一主題的文章閱讀下的寫作，我們可以通過模仿并運用文章中的語言表達，如詞塊和句型，積累寫作的語言素材。

（一）與氣候及環境相關的核心表達

1.solve the climate crisis 解決氣候危機2.climate change 氣候變化

3.extreme weather event 極端氣候事件4.security threat 安全威脅

5.take action to do 采取行動做……

6.ecosystem 生態系統

7.renewable energy 可再生能源

（二）描述現狀及分析形成原因的核心表達

1.It is clear that...很明顯……

2.No one can deny the fact that...沒有人能否認這個事實……

3.It is estimated that...據估計……

4.Reasons for...are varied.……的原因是多種多樣的。

5.The reasons can be listed as follows.原因可以列舉如下。

6.From above,we can find that the reasons why...are as follows.The primary reason,I think, is... The second reason, ... The third reason, actually, is... 從以上內容我們可以發現……的原因如下。我認為最主要的原因是……第二個原因是…… 第三個原因實際上是……

（三）列舉解決措施的核心表達

1. There are many steps which can be taken to settle this problem. First of all, ... In addition,...Another way contributing to the success of solving this problem is...有許多方法可以解決這一問題。首先，……；此外，……；另一種能成功地解決這一問題的方法是……

2. We should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. 我們應該采取一系列有效的措施來應對這種情況。

3.Not only can it...but it also...這不僅……而且……

4. The government should take effective measures to cope with the current problems.政府應該采取有效措施來解決目前的問題。

三、寫作支架

本次的寫作任務是寫一篇分析現狀及其形成原因并列舉解決措施的文章。根據寫作要求，其語篇結構可定為“描述現狀+分析形成原因+列舉解決措施”。文章的框架如下：

Good morning,my name is...It is really a great honor to have this opportunity to make a speech here.My topic is...

Recently, ...has aroused wide public concern and I'm of no exception. From my point of view,the reasons can be listed as follows.First of all,...What's more,...Furthermore,...

There are many steps which can be taken to settle this problem.First of all,...In addition,...Another way contributing to the success of solving this problem is...

四、語篇過手

根據以上提供的主題、主題表達和語篇結構，寫出演講稿。第一段點出主題，第二段分析現狀及其形成原因，第三段提出解決措施。總詞數控制在80左右。

同時，學習運用前文閱讀材料中出現的介詞短語結構或形式主語，尤其要注意表達的內在邏輯關系，需要注意使用恰當的連詞。