人物類記敘文讀寫指南

河南 田國強

文體導讀

人物類記敘文是以描寫、介紹、敘述某一特定人物為主題的文章。 此類文章常圍繞人物的背景信息、重要事跡、重大貢獻進行敘述，并穿插了作者對人物的評價，在表達方式上常采用夾敘夾議的方式。在此類語篇中，涉及的人物常包括杰出人物、名人、普通人，以及奇人等。 高考考查的人物均為具有正能量的人物。

策略導航

1. 巧用彩筆細品文章。 借助彩色筆對文本中的不同部分做標注。 例如，用紫色筆標注能夠吸引你的開頭句，用綠色筆標注段落的主題句，用紅色筆標注概括性的事件敘述，用黃色筆標注細節描寫，用藍色筆標注對人物的評價，等等。 寫作時，根據標注的情況，進行仿寫。

2. 利用“ABCDE原則”搭建文本框架，搭建讀寫支架。 “ABCDE原則”是人物類記敘文常采用的一種寫作視角，但有些文章并未完全包括“ABCDE”五種要素。 在“ABCDE原則”中，A為Admiration，B為Background，C為Characteristics，D為Deeds，E為Evaluation。 在閱讀人物類記敘文時，利用“ABCDE原則”有助于我們梳理和整合人物信息，感知人物形象，分析人物品行。 在寫人物類記敘文時，我們可以利用“ABCDE原則”對文章進行布局，同時還要應用正確的時態和人稱。

文章結構 行文視角Opening ●Admiration：對人物進行贊美Body Ending●Background：人物的背景信息√Birth√Education√Identity√Appearance……●Characteristics：人物的性格特征●Deeds：人物的主要事跡√Event 1√Event 2√Event 3……Evaluation：對人物進行評價，回應開頭

素材導背

enthusiastic 熱情的

hard-working 工作努力的

optimistic 樂觀的

aggressive 有進取心的

compassionate 有同情心的

independent 獨立的；有主見的

selfless 無私的

ambitious 有雄心的

dedicated/devoted 有奉獻精神的

confident 自信的

considerate 體貼的

detached 超然的

cooperative 合作的

faithful 忠誠的

creative 有創造力的

well-educated 受過良好教育的

generous 慷慨的

industrious 勤奮的；勤勉的

modest 謙虛的

responsible 負責任的

caring 關心他人的

knowledgeable 知識淵博的

capable 有能力的

patriotic 愛國的

warm-hearted 熱心的

be born into a poor/rich family 出生在一個貧窮的/富裕的家庭

show great interest in 對……表現出濃厚的興趣

graduate from 畢業于……

devote oneself to 致力于……

bury oneself in 使……沉浸于

make a great contribution to 對……做出重大貢獻

be regarded as 被當作……

be honored as 被譽為……

be well known for 以……出名

never seek fame or praise 從不追求聲譽或贊美

promote the exchange of different cultures 促進不同文化的交流

one of the greatest women in the 20th century 二十世紀最偉大的女性之一

a symbol of success 成功的象征

wear a big smile 面帶燦爛笑容

be striving for greatness 為偉大而奮斗

be responsible for 對……負責

stick to one's dreams 堅持某人的夢想

set sth as one's ultimate goal 把某事作為某人的終極目標

live simply and be helpful to others簡單生活，樂于助人

set a good example to sb 為某人樹立了一個好榜樣

inspire sb to move on 激勵某人繼續前行

案例導練

An innovator of traditional Chinese medicine

中國傳統醫學的創新者

Tu Youyou is China's first native female scientist to receive a Nobel Prize in the field of science. She believes that her greatest achievement is not winning the Nobel Prize but having the opportunity to demonstrate the benefits of traditional Chinese medicine on the international stage.

Tu was born on December 30, 1930 in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China. At the age of 16, she suffered from tuberculosis（肺結核）, which forced her to take a two-year break from school to receive treatment.This setback prompted her to pursue an education in medicine. Between 1951 and 1955,Tu attended Beijing Medical College, where she learned to classify medicinal plants, extract bioactive chemicals, and determine their chemical structures.

The early 1960s witnessed a major threat of malaria. More than 200 million people suffered worldwide. In the light of this, in 1967, an operation called “Project 523” was launched to find a cure for malaria. Eventually, she was appointed as the head of “Project 523”.

Inspired by traditional Chinese medicine, Tu Youyou began her research by screening (篩選) traditional Chinese herbs in the hope of identifying a potential anti-malarial ingredient. Her team examined 640 transcriptions （抄本） from a list of 2,000 traditional Chinese recipes. They extracted and tested 380 herbal compounds. However, after repeated trials, the results remained far from satisfactory. So she and her research team changed their extraction method. Eventually, they were able to extract a highly effective antimalarial compound, which was later considered as artemisinin, or qinghaosu in Chinese.To test the strength of artemisinin, a human trial was necessary. Tu volunteered to be the first human recipient.

Even with the discovery of artemisin, things were not easy. In the 1970s, many pharmaceutical （制藥的） factories ceased production; sanitization was limited, and boiling equipment was scarce. Under these circumstances, Tu and her team continued to overcome the mounting pressure and discovered new ways to conduct their research. They made enormous sacrifices during their research. Although Tu was able to complete her work, she was ultimately diagnosed with toxic hepatitis （肝炎）.

The discovery of artemisinin and dihydroartemisinin （二氫青蒿素） proved to be the turning point in the battle against malaria. Although Tu has received multiple international awards and is recognized for her achievements, she continues to maintain a low profile and attempts to improve her work.

Ⅰ. 閱讀自測

1. Which achievement can be the greatest in the eyes of Tu Youyou?

A. Winning the Nobel Prize.

B. Being China's first female scientist.

C. Entering the field of science.

D. Showing the benefits of traditional Chinese medicine internationally.

2. What was the original strike to Tu Youyou according to paragraph 2?

A. Dropping out of school.

B. Suffering from tuberculosis.

C. Being born into a poor family.

D. Failing to identify medicinal plants.

3. What can be inferred about Tu Youyou's research according to the text?

A. It was completed by Tu Youyou in the 1970s.

B. It was inspired by modern Western medicine.

C. It was started due to the breakout of malaria in China.

D. It was carried out under some unfavourable circumstances.

4. What can best describe Tu Youyou according to the text?

A. Diligent, smart, patriotic and sensible.

B. Determined, creative, honest and loyal.

C. Devoted, persevering, brave and modest.

D. Clever, positive, upright and independent.

Ⅱ. 語言汲取

（一）介紹人物的核心表達

1. 人物背景

innovator 創新者

female scientist 女性科學家

setback 挫折

head 負責人

be born on...in 在（某一天）出生于（某地）

suffer from 遭受……；受……之苦

take a two-year break from school 休學兩年

receive treatment 接受治療

attend college 上大學

pursue an education in medicine 追求醫學方面的教育

2. 主要事跡及重大活動

launch a project 啟動一個項目

find a cure for 尋找……的治療方法

be appointed as 被任命為……

be inspired by 受……的啟發

screen traditional Chinese herbs 篩選傳統中藥

in the hope of 希望……

identify a potential anti-malarial ingredient 找出一種潛在的抗瘧疾成分

after repeated trials 經過反復的試驗

far from satisfactory 遠遠不能令人滿意

extract a highly effective anti-malarial compound 提取出一種高效的抗瘧疾化合物

test the strength of artemisinin 測試青蒿素的強度

human trial 人體試驗

volunteer to do 志愿做……

the first human recipient 第一個人類接受者

overcome the mounting pressure 克服不斷增加的壓力

discover new ways 尋找新的方法

conduct one's research 進行某人的研究

make enormous sacrifices 做出巨大的犧牲

turning point 轉折點

continue to do 繼續做……

maintain a low profile 保持低調

attempt to improve one's work 努力改進某人的工作

3. 人物成就

receive/win a Nobel Prize 獲得諾貝爾獎

receive multiple international awards 獲得多個國際獎項

be recognized for 因為……而得到認可

demonstrate the benefits of traditional Chinese medicine on the international stage 在國際舞臺上展示了中國傳統醫學的好處

4. 其他

have the opportunity to do 有機會做……

force sb to do 迫使某人做……

prompt sb to do 促使某人做……

in the light of 鑒于……

at the age of 在……歲時

in the 1970s 20世紀70年代

cease production 停止生產

under these circumstances 在這些情況下

（二）精彩表達

1. At the age of 16, she suffered from tuberculosis, which forced her to take a twoyear break from school to receive treatment. 16歲時，她患上了肺結核，這迫使她休學兩年以接受治療。

本句中，which引導的是一個非限制性定語從句，用來指代主句she suffered from tuberculosis。

2. The early 1960s witnessed a major threat of malaria. 20世紀60年代初見證了瘧疾帶來的主要威脅。

動詞see、witness、find、notice、observe、discover等可用于擬人化的用法， 使無靈名詞所表達的事物具有人的情感、情態或動作，使抽象的概念具體化，使靜止的物體具有動態的人格化效果。

3. Although Tu has received multiple international awards and is recognized for her achievements, she continues to maintain a low profile and attempts to improve her work.盡管屠呦呦獲得了許多國際獎項并因其成就受到認可，但是她一直保持低調，努力改進自己的科研工作。

本句中，although引導的是一個讓步狀語從句，she continues to maintain a low profile and attempts to improve her work為主句部分，to improve her work為動詞不定式作賓語。

Ⅲ. 句式仿寫

1. 屠呦呦自愿成為首位接受者，以測試青蒿素的強度，這使她成為一位真正的女英雄。

Tu Youyou volunteered to be the first human recipient to test the strength of artemisinin, ________________.

2. 在電影結尾，他們遭遇了孤獨和失敗。

The end of the movie ________________. （find）

3. 盡管你的數學取得了很大的進步，但你還是應該繼續竭盡全力。

________________, you should keep trying your best.

Ⅳ. 寫作實踐

近日，瘋狂英語雜志社舉辦了主題為“My heroine”的征文活動。 請你根據以下要點，寫一篇短文投稿。

1. 你心中的女英雄是誰；

2. 你把她當作女英雄的原因；

2. 她的主要事跡。

注意：

1. 詞數80左右；

2. 可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫；

3. 至少需要使用兩個本文中解析過的句式。

My heroine

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

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評價導思

A self-assessment checklist for my narrative reading 1. 閱讀本文前，我認真了解了人物類記敘文的文體知識。 □Yes □No 2. 在閱讀過程中，我會借助彩色筆對文本中的不同部分做標注。 □Yes □No 3. 在閱讀過程中，我會應用“ABCDE原則”梳理文章。 □Yes □No 4. 這篇文章中我最喜歡的部分是_____ _。□Background □Character □Deeds □Evaluation 5. 讀完這篇文章后，我會嘗試著對我熟悉的人物進行介紹和評價。 □Yes □No 6. 讀完這篇文章后，我會花費_____ _的時間來讀完一篇大約350詞的人物類記敘文。□5分鐘 □7分鐘 □9分鐘 □其他7. 本次讀寫活動后，我會學習科學家的優良品質。 □Yes □No 8. 為了閱讀更多類型的人物類記敘文，我需要_____ _。□加倍努力 □持之以恒 □堅持目標 □形成高效的讀寫策略9. 在接下來的時間，我會讀一本叫作________________ _的人物傳記。