不同砧木對普通型和短枝型‘富士’蘋果樹體生長生理特性和果實品質的影響

馬利萍，李凱，楊天一，張滿讓

摘要：【目的】探究不同砧木對普通型和短枝型“富士”蘋果樹生長和結果的影響，為千陽區域篩選適宜的砧穗組合給予借鑒。【方法】以‘長富2號和‘禮泉短富搭配不同栽培類型的砧木為研究對象，測定其樹體生長勢、果實品質以及產量等生理指標，同時借助模糊數學MF（隸屬函數）法全面評估4個品種的果實品質。【結果】在千陽區域的矮化高密度種植環境下，M26中間砧蘋果樹的樹勢優于T337自根砧，由綜合評價值和排名可知，就果實品質而言，T337自根砧組合較M26中間砧更具優勢，品質由高至低的排序是禮泉短富/T337、禮泉短富/M26/新疆野蘋果、長富2號/T337、長富2號/M26/新疆野蘋果。綜合分析，千陽地區適宜的砧穗組合以‘禮泉短富/T337栽植效果最佳。

關鍵詞：富士蘋果；自根砧；中間砧；果實品質；隸屬函數

文章編號：2096-8108（2022）02-0027-05中圖分類號：S661.1文獻標識碼：A

Effect of Different Rootstocks on the Growth， Physiological

Characteristics and Fruit Quality of Common and Short Branch ‘Fuji Apple Trees

MA Liping，LI Kai，YANG Tianyi，ZHANG Manrang*

（College of Horticulture， Northwest A&F University， Shaanxi Province， Yangling 712100， China）

Abstract：【Objective】 To investigate the effects of different rootstocks on the growth and fruiting of common and short branch “Fuji” apple trees， and to provide a reference basis for screening suitable rootstock-scion combinations in the Qianyangregion.【Method】Taking ‘Nagafu No.2 and ‘LiquanFuji with rootstocks of different cultivation types as the research object，and the physiological indexes of tree growth potential， fruit quality and yield were measured， and the fruit quality of the four varieties were comprehensively analyzed by the fuzzy mathematical MF （subordinate function） method.【Results】 The results showed that intermediate rootstock M26 apple trees had better tree potential than self-rooted rootstock T337 under dwarf high-density cultivation conditions in Qianyang region， and the overall evaluation value and ranking showed that self-rooted rootstock T337 combination was more advantageous than intermediate rootstock M26 in terms of fruit quality. The quality of the apples was ranked from Liquan Fuji/T337， Liquan Fuji/M26/M.sieversii， Nagafu No.2/T337， Nagafu No.2 /M26/M.sieversii. In a comprehensive analysis， the best rootstock-scion combinations for the Qianyang region is ‘Liquan Fuji/T337.

Keywords：apple; self-rooted rootstock; intermediate rootstock; fruit quality; affiliation function

在現今全球蘋果種植方面，矮化密植栽培模式的應用非常廣泛，在蘋果矮化種植方面，最關鍵的途徑是良好砧木品種的選擇。近幾年，眾多矮化砧木類型已引入至我國，且完成了選育，然而，由于地區不同，其氣候差異也較大，缺乏與其相適應的砧穗組合，導致這些優勢矮化砧木的適用還不廣泛，因此篩選與各地相適應的砧穗組合已成為推廣矮化密植栽培的重要工作之一[1]。

近些年來，我國各大蘋果產地根據自身氣候、土質類型和砧木種植模式等方面的不同，開展了大量的砧穗組合篩選研究工作，并先后對各種砧穗組合的矮化特性[2]、適應性[2-3]、果實內外品質[4]以及優質豐產的樹體結構等方面進行了大量且系統的研究工作。……