中國式現代化為實現現代化提供獨特方法

文/Peng Sun（加拿大） 譯/張佳藝

（作者系暨南大學管理學院企業管理專業國際博士生）

近來，以中國式現代化全面推進中華民族偉大復興已經成為熱門話題。中國共產黨第二十次全國代表大會報告提出了中國式現代化的五個重要特征和九個本質要求，這對于實現高質量發展、構建人類命運共同體和創造人類文明新形態至關重要。本文試圖闡述對五個重要特征和九個本質要求的理解，分析中國面臨的困難和挑戰，并對中國式現代化建設提出建議。

中國式現代化的五個重要特征

中國式現代化是人口規模巨大的現代化。實現中國式現代化必須充分認識到，要優先考慮所有人的需求，確保無一遺漏。中國政府旨在通過扎實推動共同富裕來創造一個惠及全體人民的社會，無論社會地位或收入水平如何。這種包容性的現代化方式對中國的持續發展和成功至關重要。

中國式現代化是全體人民共同富裕的現代化。為促進經濟增長和減少貧困作出巨大努力是必要的。巨大的貧富差距是實現現代化的障礙，中國現已出臺相關政策來解決這一問題。堅持以全體人民共同富裕為目標，中國可以創造一個更加公平與包容的社會，使現代化成果惠及全體人民，全民充分享受現代化紅利。

中國式現代化是物質文明和精神文明相協調的現代化。中國的文化遺產是其民族身份的重要組成部分，在塑造社會形態方面發揮重要作用。因此，現代化絕不能以抹殺歷史或忽視人民的精神文明需求為代價。促進物質文明和精神文明相協調，中國可以創造一個既重視經濟增長又重視文化遺產的社會，保障所有公民擁有可持續的、繁榮的未來。

The rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through a Chinese Path to Modernization has become a hot topic in recent times.The report to the 20th CPC National Congress proposes the five key characteristics and nine essential requirements of the Chinese Path to Modernization. These characteristics and requirements are crucial in the pursuit of high-quality development, building a human community with a shared future, and creating a new form of human advancement. This article seeks to expound the understanding of the five key characteristics and nine essential requirements, analyze the difficulties and challenges for China, and give suggestions on China’s modernization.

The Five Key Characteristics of Chinese Path to Modernization

China’s enormous population presents a unique challenge in its pursuit of modernization. However, the Chinese Path to Modernization recognizes that the process must prioritize the needs of all people and ensure that no one is left behind. By prioritizing the common prosperity of all people, the Chinese government aims to create a society that benefits everyone,regardless of social status or income level. This inclusive approach to modernization is essential for China’s continued growth and success.

The Chinese government recognizes that modernization must prioritize the common prosperity of all people and has made significant efforts to promote economic growth and reduce poverty. The Chinese Path to Modernization recognizes that a significant wealth gap between citizens is a barrier to modernization and has implemented policies to address this issue. By prioritizing the common prosperity of all people, China can create a more equitable and inclusive society that benefits everyone and ensures that no one is left behind in its pursuit of modernization.

The Chinese Path to Modernization recognizes that modernization must balance the development of the economy with the preservation of cultural heritage and promotion of social values. China’s cultural heritage is a significant part of its national identity and has played a crucial role in shaping its society. Therefore, modernization must not come at the cost of erasing the past or neglecting the spiritual and cultural needs of its people. By promoting both material and spiritual development, China can create a society that values both economic growth and cultural heritage, ensuring a sustainable and prosperous future for all its citizens.

2022年10月，中國共產黨第二十次全國代表大會在北京召開

中國式現代化是人與自然和諧共生的現代化。經濟快速發展的同時，中國迎來了巨大的環境挑戰，如空氣和水污染、森林砍伐和土壤退化等。因此，政府實施了促進可持續發展、降低污染水平和保護自然資源的政策。將環境保護放在首位，中國可以實現可持續的經濟增長，并確保為子孫后代留住綠水青山與碧海藍天。

中國式現代化是走和平發展道路的現代化。中國堅持和平共處五項原則，強調所有的對話與協商都必須建立在相互尊重、平等互利的基礎上。中國的和平發展外交政策加強了本國與其他國家的經濟聯系，并在促進國際合作和世界和平方面發揮著主導作用。在堅持走和平發展的道路上，中國為世界的穩定繁榮貢獻中國智慧和力量。

The Chinese Path to Modernization recognizes that modernization must prioritize environmental protection and promote a sustainable economy. China has faced significant environmental challenges due to its rapid economic growth,including air and water pollution, deforestation, and soil degradation. Therefore, the government has implemented policies to promote sustainable development, reduce pollution levels, and protect natural resources. By prioritizing environmental protection, China can achieve sustainable economic growth and ensure a healthy environment for future generations.

The Chinese Path to Modernization recognizes that modernization must be achieved through peaceful means,without engaging in military expansion or aggression towards other nations. China is committed to the principles of peaceful coexistence and has emphasized the importance of building mutually beneficial relationships with other nations based on respect and equality. China’s emphasis on peaceful development has allowed it to strengthen its economic ties with other countries and play a leading role in promoting international cooperation and world peace. By prioritizing peaceful coexistence, China can contribute to a more stable and prosperous global community.

中國式現代化的九個本質要求

中國式現代化強調，中國共產黨在領導中國發展中發揮關鍵作用。黨的領導確保中國式現代化錨定奮斗目標行穩致遠，從科技創新到精準扶貧，黨在制定中國經濟與社會發展政策方面發揮重要作用。黨的領導確保了政治穩定，是民族團結進步與社會安定和諧的根本保證。因此，中國共產黨的領導對于實現中國式現代化目標和確保全體人民共同富裕至關重要。

中國式現代化強調，中國特色社會主義是中國現代化的指導思想。中國必須在堅持社會主義核心價值觀和促進社會穩定的同時發展經濟。這意味著，中國式現代化進程應注重增進民生福祉，提供平等機遇。國家的經濟增長應惠及全體人民，政府應確保社會福利項目落地落實，以保障弱勢群體基本生活。在堅持中國特色社會主義的指導下，中國可以實現可持續發展、促進社會和諧穩定、引領全體人民共同富裕。

中國式現代化強調，高質量發展是十分必要的。中國要推動經濟實現質的提升與產業結構優化創新，其發展不僅要擴大經濟規模，更要著眼于提高人民生活質量。中國要優先考慮可持續發展與創新以及產業結構優化升級，促進高附加值產業的發展，從而提高生產力并提升經濟競爭力。追求高質量發展確保中國實現現代化目標，促進可持續增長，并為全球社會的繁榮作出貢獻。

中國式現代化強調，發展全過程人民民主至關緊要。在中國，公民在其生活與社區的決策中都享有發言權，政府在決策過程中應強化公民參與，加強公民對政府政策的監督。這包括拓寬鼓勵公民參與的渠道，如市政會議、公共聽證會和網上論壇。發展全過程人民民主，中國將進一步實現人民當家作主，從而促進社會穩定，確保國家的現代化政策能想群眾之所想、憂群眾之所憂、急群眾之所急。

The Nine Essential Requirements of Chinese Path to Modernization

The Chinese Path to Modernization recognizes the critical role of the Communist Party of China’s leadership in guiding the country’s development. The Party’s leadership ensures that the country’s modernization policies align with its strategic goals and national interests. The Party’s leadership has been instrumental in shaping China’s economic and social development policies, from promoting innovation and technological advancement to implementing poverty reduction programs. The Party’s leadership has also ensured political stability and provided a framework for national unity and social harmony. Therefore, the Communist Party’s leadership is essential for achieving China’s modernization goals and ensuring a prosperous future for all its citizens.

The Chinese Path to Modernization acknowledges that socialism with Chinese characteristics is the guiding ideology for China’s modernization. China must develop its economy while preserving socialist values and promoting social stability.This means that China’s modernization process should focus on improving people’s livelihoods and providing them with equal opportunities. The country’s economic growth should benefit all citizens, and the government should ensure that social welfare programs are in place to support the most vulnerable members of society. By prioritizing socialism with Chinese characteristics,China can achieve sustainable development, promote social harmony and stability, and realize the common prosperity of all its people.

The Chinese Path to Modernization prioritizes high-quality development, which involves improving the quality of economic growth, optimizing the industrial structure, and promoting innovation. China’s development should focus on enhancing the quality of life of its citizens, rather than just increasing the size of its economy. The country should prioritize sustainable development, innovation, and upgrading its industrial structure,to promote higher value-added industries, improve productivity,and boost the competitiveness of its economy. By pursuing highquality development, China can realize its modernization goals,promote sustainable growth, and contribute to the prosperity of the global community.

The Chinese Path to Modernization recognizes the importance of people’s democracy throughout the modernization process. China believes that citizens should have a voice in the decisions that affect their lives and communities. The government should actively promote citizens’ participation in decision-making processes and enhance public oversight of government policies. This includes developing institutions that encourage citizen participation, such as town hall meetings, public hearings, and online forums. By promoting people’s democracy, China can foster a more engaged and active citizenry, promote social stability, and ensure that the country’s modernization policies align with citizens’ needs and aspirations.

中國式現代化強調，豐富人民精神世界將為全體公民帶來福祉。中國式現代化不僅要注重經濟發展，也要注重文化發展。國家要著力讓更多文化遺產“活”起來，鼓勵公民參加豐富文化生活的活動。這包括助推文化機構發展、守住文化遺產根脈，以及推廣中國傳統藝術，如書法、音樂和舞蹈等。豐富人民精神世界將促進中國社會和諧、提高人民生活質量，這是中國式現代化的重要組成部分。

中國式現代化強調，實現全體人民共同富裕為重大目標。這意味著，共同富裕的道路上不能讓任何人掉隊。為實現這一目標，中國必須實施有助于縮小收入差距的政策，如實施公平的稅收政策和提高工資薪金等。政府還應確保平等獲得教育和醫療保健的權利，每個公民都有機會發揮潛力。提高全體人民的生活水平也是至關重要的，這可以通過投資基礎設施和為有需要的人提供社會安全網來實現。

中國式現代化強調，促進人與自然和諧共生在國家現代化進程中占重要地位。中國對生態文明的承諾要求減少污染、保護自然資源、促進可持續發展。國家已實施各項政策和法規以解決環境問題，如改善空氣和水的質量、投資清潔能源等。中國的發展必須優先考慮生態可持續性，以確保為全民建設一個更加美好和光明的未來。

中國式現代化強調，文化多樣性有利于人類文明的發展與現代化進程的推進。中國應堅持相互尊重、和平共處、互利共贏之路，以發展人類文明新形態。這條道路包括促進中外文化交流與對話，尊重中外差異并相互學習。推動構建具有共同利益和價值觀的人類命運共同體，中國將同各國攜手應對全球挑戰，合作促進世界發展。

The Chinese Path to Modernization recognizes that spiritual enrichment is essential for citizens’ overall wellbeing. China believes that modernization must not only focus on economic development but also on cultural development.The country must promote its cultural heritage and encourage citizens to participate in cultural activities that enrich their lives. This includes developing cultural institutions, preserving historic sites, and promoting traditional Chinese art forms,such as calligraphy, music, and dance. By prioritizing spiritual enrichment, China can promote social harmony and enhance citizens’ quality of life, which is an essential component of the Chinese Path to Modernization.

The Chinese Path to Modernization emphasizes the importance of common prosperity for all people, which means that no citizen should be left behind. To achieve this, China must prioritize policies that reduce income inequality, such as implementing fair taxation policies and increasing wages. The government must also ensure equal access to education and healthcare, so that every citizen has the opportunity to reach their full potential. Improving the standard of living for all citizens is also essential, which can be achieved by investing in infrastructure and providing social safety nets for those in need.

The Chinese Path to Modernization recognizes the vital importance of environmental protection in the country’s modernization journey. China’s commitment to ecological civilization requires reducing pollution, conserving natural resources, and promoting sustainable development. The country has implemented various policies and regulations to address environmental concerns, such as improving air and water quality and investing in clean energy. China’s development must prioritize ecological sustainability to ensure a better future for all citizens and the world at large.

The Chinese Path to Modernization recognizes that cultural diversity is essential for human civilization’s development, and promoting it is critical in modernization. China must value cooperation, mutual respect, and peaceful coexistence with other nations to develop a new form of human civilization. The path involves promoting cultural exchange and dialogue with other nations, respecting each other’s differences, and learning from each other. Through developing a global community with shared interests and values, China can work together with other nations to address global challenges and promote mutual development.

對中國式現代化的建議

盡管中國在現代化進程中取得進展，但仍然存在著困難與挑戰。

環境惡化是中國面臨的一大挑戰。中國已出臺各項政策來解決嚴重的空氣、水和土壤污染問題，如推廣可再生能源和加強環保法規制度建設等，但進展稍顯緩慢。

收入不平等是中國面臨的另一大挑戰。雖然中國已使近億人脫貧脫困，但城鄉收入差距仍然很大。財富不平等現象也逐漸受到關注。

社會穩定對中國的發展至關重要。政府必須統籌兼顧經濟增長和社會穩定，避免社會動蕩。中國已經實施了反腐敗和解決收入不平等的政策，但未來仍道阻且長。

中國面臨著越來越激烈的國際競爭。近年來，中美關系愈加緊張。中國必須有效處理對外關系，促進和平合作的國際環境，并在全球舞臺上捍衛自己的利益。

環境保護。環境保護是中國可持續發展的先決條件。為實現這一目標，政府必須將環境保護放在首位，并投資清潔能源。

一個關鍵的解決方案是增加可再生能源的使用。中國已經在該領域取得了重大進展，成為世界上最大的太陽能和風能生產國。政府應繼續投資清潔能源，如風能、太陽能和水電，并促進電動汽車的使用，以減少交通的碳排放。

Suggestions on China’s Modernization

Despite China’s progress towards modernization, several challenges and difficulties remain. The following are some of the significant challenges facing China:

Environmental degradation is a significant challenge facing China. The country has suffered from severe air, water, and soil pollution. China has implemented various policies to address this issue, such as promoting renewable energy and strengthening environmental regulations, but progress is slow.

Income inequality is another challenge that China faces.While the country has lifted millions out of poverty, the income gap between urban and rural areas remains significant. Wealth inequality is also a growing concern.

Social stability is critical to China’s development. The government must balance economic growth with social stability to avoid social unrest. China has implemented policies to address issues such as corruption and inequality, but more work needs to be done to ensure social stability.

Finally, China faces increasing international competition. The tensions between China and The United States have risen in recent years.

Environmental protection. Environmental protection is crucial for China’s sustainable development. To achieve this goal, the government must prioritize environmental protection and invest in clean energy.

One of the key solutions is to increase the use of renewable energy. China has already made significant progress in this area,with the country becoming the world’s largest producer of solar and wind energy. The government should continue to invest in clean energy sources such as wind, solar, and hydroelectric power, and promote the use of electric vehicles to reduce carbon emissions from transportation.

Another important strategy is to reduce pollution levels. The government should strengthen environmental regulations and enforce them effectively. It should also promote the use of clean technologies to reduce emissions from industries such as coal-fired power plants and steel production.

Conserving natural resources is also critical to environmental protection. The government should promote sustainable practices such as reforestation and land restoration to prevent soil erosion and desertification. It should also regulate the use of water resources to prevent over-extraction and ensure that water is used efficiently.

政府應加強環境法規建設，并有效執行以降低污染水平；還應促進清潔技術的使用，以減少燃煤電廠和鋼鐵等行業產生的排放。

保護自然資源也是環境保護的關鍵。政府應促進可持續發展，如重新造林和土地恢復，防止土壤流失和荒漠化；還應規范水資源的使用，防止過度開采，確保水資源的有效利用。

收入再分配。為解決收入不平等問題，中國政府必須深化收入再分配制度改革。該制度可以通過投資基礎設施和促進農村地區的經濟發展來縮小城鄉之間以及不同地區之間的收入差距，同時實施針對富人的稅收政策，將財富重新分配給低收入者。

政府應通過投資教育和提供就業培訓項目，幫助個人發展自身所需技能，獲得更高薪的工作，減少收入的不平等。

政府應鼓勵在農村地區發展中小企業，為當地居民創造就業機會與收入。這可以通過向本土企業家提供財政支持和培訓計劃來實現。

政府應促進鼓勵中等收入群體增長的政策。創造更多“人往高處走”的可能性，如增加接受教育和就業培訓的機會，促進創業和創新，并為弱勢群體構建社會安全網。

促進社會穩定。為實現這一目標，政府應改善教育和醫療的可及性、為弱勢人群提供社會安全網等，從而解決不平等與腐敗等社會問題。

政府應加強法律機構建設，推進法治建設，保障人民權益。這包括改善司法系統、反腐敗和提升治理的透明度；努力促進社會和諧，培養民族團結意識，促進文化多樣性。

政府應投資社會項目，為老年人、殘疾人和低收入家庭等有需要的人提供援助，改善福利制度。這不僅有助于消除貧困和不平等，還能促進社會的公正與穩定。

Overall, environmental protection is an essential component of China’s sustainable development. The government should prioritize this issue and take concrete steps to reduce pollution levels, promote clean energy, and conserve natural resources.

Income redistribution. To address income inequality, China’s government must prioritize income redistribution policies. One such policy would be to reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas, as well as between different regions. This can be achieved by investing in infrastructure and promoting economic development in rural areas, while also implementing tax policies that target the wealthy and redistribute wealth to lower-income individuals.

Another key strategy would be to promote education and training programs to improve citizens’ employability. By investing in education and providing access to job training programs, the government can help individuals develop the skills they need to secure higher-paying jobs and reduce income inequality.

The government can also encourage the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in rural areas, which would create jobs and generate income for the local population. This can be achieved by providing financial support and training programs to entrepreneurs in these regions.

Finally, the government should promote policies that encourage the growth of the middle class. This can be achieved by creating more opportunities for upward mobility, such as increasing access to education and job training programs,promoting entrepreneurship and innovation, and providing social safety nets for those who fall behind.

In summary, to reduce income inequality in China, the government must prioritize income redistribution policies,promote education and training programs, encourage the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in rural areas,and promote policies that encourage the growth of the middle class. By taking these steps, China can ensure a more equitable distribution of wealth and achieve sustainable development for all its citizens.

Promoting social stability. Promoting social stability is crucial for China’s sustainable development. To achieve this, the government should prioritize addressing social issues such as inequality and corruption. This can be done by implementing policies that target the root causes of these issues, such as improving access to education and healthcare, and providing social safety nets to vulnerable populations.

The government should also strengthen legal institutions to ensure that the rule of law is upheld and that citizens’ rights are protected. This includes improving the judicial system, cracking down on corruption and promoting transparency in governance.Additionally, the government should work to promote social harmony by fostering a sense of national unity and promoting cultural diversity.

政府應鼓勵民間社會組織和個人更多地參與解決社會問題。這可以通過向致力于解決社會問題的非政府組織和基層組織提供獎勵和支持，以及發展公民參與的文化來實現。

國際合作。隨著中國的全球影響力持續增長，國際合作交流至關重要。政府應通過支持允許中外更多交流思想和觀點的項目來促進文化交流，這將涉及支持促進學生、學者和藝術家國際交流的舉措，以及促進語言教育和文化交流的項目。

制定更有力的公共外交戰略，擴大中國在海外的媒體影響力，以確保中國觀點在全球新聞報道中得到準確體現。此外，中國可以努力提高其外語水平，投資培訓更多的外語教師，以增強其溝通能力。

然而，探索和實踐現代化道路是長期過程，還有很長的路要走。繼續優先考慮全體人民共同富裕、環境保護以及獨立自主的和平外交政策，中國可以實現其現代化目標，創造互利合作、相互尊重與和諧共處的人類文明新形態。

我們相信，中國式現代化的成功必將為其他尋求可持續經濟增長、環境保護和社會發展的發展中國家貢獻寶貴經驗。

Another important aspect of promoting social stability is improving the welfare system. The government should invest in social programs that provide assistance to those in need, such as the elderly, disabled, and low-income families. This will not only help reduce poverty and inequality but also promote a sense of social justice and stability.

Moreover, the government should encourage greater participation by civil society organizations and individuals in addressing social issues. This can be achieved by providing incentives and support to NGOs and grassroots organizations that work to address social issues, and by fostering a culture of civic engagement and participation.

International cooperation. As China’s global influence continues to grow, it is crucial for the country to prioritize international cooperation and communication. One suggestion is to promote cultural exchange by investing in programs that allow for greater exchange of ideas and perspectives between China and other countries. This can involve supporting initiatives that facilitate international travel for students, scholars, and artists, and promoting language education and cultural exchange programs.

Another way to enhance international cooperation is to improve China’s international communication efforts. This includes developing a more robust public diplomacy strategy and expanding China’s media presence overseas to ensure that China’s perspective is represented accurately in global news coverage. In addition,China can work to improve its foreign language proficiency and invest in training more foreign language teachers to enhance its communication capabilities.

Finally, China should continue to develop its soft power as a means of enhancing its global influence. This can involve promoting China’s culture, values, and institutions to build a positive image of the country overseas.

China’s success in achieving its modernization goals can serve as a valuable model for other developing countries seeking to achieve economic growth, environmental protection, and social development.