Unit 3 The world of science

Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas

基礎訓練

根據首字母或漢語提示，用本部分所學單詞的正確形式填空。? 單詞拼寫

1.All of a sudden， a white light s towards my eyes， and I could see nothing.

2.In any unsafe situation， simply p the button and some highly-trained men will come to help you.

3.If you happen to be very f， I can raise your leg high， possibly to my shoulder.

4.If you leave your headlights on you’ll soon run down the b. You’d better turn them off because the power’s going to be out all night.

5.She seems to have no d to go there. She prefers to stay at home.

6.Everyone believes that she’s perfectly （有能力的） of solving problems by herself.

7.New technology has enabled development of an online （虛擬的） library.

8.He joked they had to depend on a （指南針） and a lot of luck to get there.

9.It’s easy to （計算） your scores， just add your scores for each subject.

10.What impressive （物品）！ You must have put a lot of effort into it.

用方框中所給短語的適當形式填空。 選擇填空

be capable of? have a strong desire in addition never say never in terms of

1. Both parents and teachers should let kids do tasks that they by themselves.

2. ， and always remember you still have the opportunity to win back.

3. The book is well organised plot. That’s why it is so popular.

4. ， Mr Luo served as a visiting professor at several universities.

5. As a scientist， he always says that he to improve people’s life in some way.

課文語法填空

As we all know， there are four great inventions in Ancient China： gunpowder， papermaking， （print） and the compass. These things （change） the world forever. In today’s world， we are the great new age of technology， and most of the new great inventions are tech-based. For instance， advances in virtual reality and wearable tech， as well as the flexible battery， mean we should soon be seeing （far） developments.

New inventions like 3D printers （use） to make replacement hearts and bone parts. Reduced energy supplies and environmental （pollute） have led to more advances in the technology for new vehicles.

Most inventions start with （recognise） a problem that needs a solution. In terms of the environment， it is possible to create an intelligent walking house， can be eco-friendly because of solar technology. Although there is long way to go to invent a time machine at the moment， we should have a strong desire （think） and create， and what remains important is that we never say never.

1. ? 2. ? 3. ? 4. ? 5.

6. ? 7. ? 8. ? 9. ? 10.

能力提升

閱讀理解

I’m sure you’ve used the zipper many times. It can be seen almost everywhere today. But have you ever wondered who invented it？

Whitcomb Judson was an inventor. He had a friend who had a sore back. Judson’s friend couldn’t bend over to tie his shoes. In order to help his friend out， Judson designed what he called a “clasp locker” for him， basically a slide fastener that could be opened and closed with one hand. He patented （獲專利） the idea in 1891. Even though he started his own company to make the clasp locker， Judson didn’t make his invention famous.

The zipper as we know today is a result of the work of a Swedish-American engineer called Gideon Sundback， who worked as head engineer at Judson’s company. Sundback improved on Judson’s design. His design was stronger， faster and more reliable than the former one， and Sundback patented it in 1917， calling it the “separable fastener”. With World War One fully underway， the army used his design on its clothing and equipment for the soldiers， although the invention still hadn’t become popular with the public.

However， that all changed in 1923 when the B. F. Goodrich Company decided to use Sundback’s invention on their new rubber boots. A leader at the company named them zippers after the noise they made， and the name became accepted. As the invention became popular， it caught the attention of fashion designers in France， who used zippers in men trousers.

The zipper not only makes it more convenient to fasten clothing， but plastic zippers are also wind-， dust- and water-proof， and they don’t stick or rust （生銹）. The invention of plastic zippers also meant they could be created in any color， making them another great tool in the fashion industry. Overall， it simply makes life easier for everyone， especially for those with disabilities.

1. Why did Whitcomb Judson create the “clasp locker”？

A. To make a friend’s life easier. B. To help out his own company.

C. To stand out in the fashion industry. D. To avoid the trouble of tying his shoes.

2. What can we learn about the “separable fastener？”

A. It failed to work very well. B. It gained immediate success.

C. It was one of Judson’s designs. D. It got the army’s attention.

3. What can we infer about the zipper in the last paragraph？

A. It is a significant invention. B. It develops people’s interest in art.

C. It requires complex production work. D. It changes people’s attitudes to fashion.

4. What does the text mainly tell us about the zipper？

A. Its benefits. B. Its history. C. Its real inventor. D. Its different designs.

閱讀七選五

Characteristics of an Excellent Scientist

The Free Dictionary defines （下定義） a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences， especially natural science or physical science. Let’s look at some characteristics of an excellent scientist.

Curiosity

Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things worked. If a scientist doesn’t have the drive to ask questions or even wonder， then he/she never gets to the first stage of the scientific process.

Patience

There are very few jobs that take longer than this one. Even if you think you have received some education on science， you still have a lot of scientific research to do.

Ethical qualities

In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good， a scientist must have a desire to improve people’s life as well as the environment， since they are linked and they can affect each other in the long run. A scientist must report findings honestly. Sticking to an old belief proved wrong by the evidence （證據） is dishonest.

Working habits

An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation， keeping it in mind and recording it. He/She also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. Networking skills connect him/her with colleagues working on similar projects where he/she may discover something new.

A. Becoming a scientist takes a long time.

B. An excellent scientist must be curious about things.

C. It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods.

D. However， that belief shouldn’t be changed without powerful evidence.

E. He/She can work well alone or in groups， depending on what’s needed.

F. One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research lab.

G. To make discoveries in human knowledge， you have to think differently.

1. ? 2. ? 3. ? 4. ? 5.

Section Ⅱ Using language

基礎訓練

在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。 單句語法填空

1.The landscape of the surroundings is beautiful description.

2.The jeans today have changed very slightly from their （origin） design.

3.In the last few years thousands of films （produce） all over the world.

4.In addition to （be） lighter， this kind of material has other advantages over traditional forms.

5.She lost her job when the factory closed， along hundreds of others.

6.The environment of my hometown （improve） over the past years.

7.We should help those who are （capable） of taking care of themselves.

8.His long and active life must be due his healthy living habits.

9.Global warming is expected to （significant） reduce the amount of the plant.

10.One of the players （injure） his knees and had to be carried off.

用現在完成時的被動語態改寫句子。 同義句轉換

1. A Chinese scientist has already developed a pen-like computer.

by a Chinese scientist.

2. They have collected more than 8，000 dollars in the past two years.

by them in the past two years.

3. I feel that her story has given me a second life to do something meaningful.

me by her story to do something meaningful. I feel that

4. The volunteers have sent large amounts of teaching equipment to those primary schools.

those primary schools by volunteers.

5. If I have a new idea， I now quickly look to see whether someone else has already thought of it.

by someone else. If I have a new idea， I now quickly look to see whether

根據漢語提示，結合本單元所學語法知識完成句子。 完成句子

（令人矚目的東西被發明） in the past few years. 1. With the help of high technology， more and more

（被告知很多次） not to swim in that lake， but it doesn’t make any difference. 2. The boys

（從百萬人中選出） all over the country in the past two months. 3. All the athletes

（主題已經改變）. 4. Although we don’t know what was discussed， yet we can feel

（被改編成不同的電影） over the past years. 5. Shakespeare’s play Hamlet

能力提升

完形填空

What will man be like in the future？ We can only make a of course， but we can be sure that he will be from what he is today， for man is slowly all the time.

Let us take an example. Man， even 500 years ago， was than he is today. Now， on average， men are about three inches taller. 500 years is a relatively short period of ， so we may guess that man will to grow taller.

Again in modern world we use our a great deal. Even so， we still only about 20% of the brain’s capacity （容量）. As time goes on， we shall have to use our brains more and more and? ? we shall need even larger ones！ This is likely to a physical change， too. The head in? ?， the forehead， will grow larger.

Nowadays our eyes are used. In fact， we use them so much that very often they become weaker and we have to wear . But over a long period of time it’s likely that man’s eyes will grow stronger.

On the other hand， we to make less use of our arms and legs. These， as a result， are likely to grow weaker. At the same time， however， our fingers will grow more because they are used a great deal in modern life.

But what about hair？ This will， probably from the body altogether in course of time because it does not a useful purpose any longer.

Perhaps all this gives the impression that future man will not be a very creature to look at！ In spite of all these changes， future man will still have a lot in with us. He will still be a human being， with and emotions similar to our own.

1. A. guess B. research C. joke D. decision

2. A. different B. safe C. far D. free

3. A. dying B. changing C. growing D. improving

4. A. thinner B. taller C. bigger D. shorter

5. A. journey B. life C. time D. distance

6. A. try B. continue C. begin D. hope

7. A. minds B. heads C. brains D. hearts

8. A. know B. choose C. control D. use

9. A. lately B. finally C. certainly D. generally

10. A. cause B. take C. find D. expect

11. A. total B. trouble C. particular D. addition

12. A. frequently B. practically C. properly D. falsely

13. A. hats B. smiles C. clothes D. glasses

14. A. plan B. mean C. tend D. aim

15. A. unusual B. sensitive C. beautiful D. creative

16. A. suffer B. recover C. disappear D. survive

17. A. have B. keep C. hold D. serve

18. A. attractive B. ugly C. special D. ordinary

19. A. conflict B. competition C. company D. common

20. A. bodies B. thoughts C. mouths D. noses

語法填空

Currently， both women and men are surrounded by magazines and websites full of （tip） about dieting， exercise and fashion. Gone are the days all men had to think about wearing a nice suit to be smart and handsome. Things （change）.

Now， a survey has suggested that 80% of men admit （feel） unhappy about their body. The biggest body issues for them were beer bellies and lack of muscles. Some think it is because the （press） of influence of role models we see on TV and in magazines. People end up with a perception （看法） of what the perfect body should look like. not everybody wants to put in the effort to have perfect muscles like Arnold Schwarzenegger. A designer has even invented a muscle-enhancing shirt （make） the buyer look more of a strong man.

But Joe Warner， the former editor of Men’s Fitness magazine， thinks the muscle-enhancing shirt is just trick. He thinks many people in the country are overweight and should accept they need to do more exercise （regular）. Exercise is always good. But we mustn’t forget （beautiful） is only skin deep. Character is more important than appearance.

1. ? 2. ? 3. ? 4. ? 5.

6. ? 7. ? 8. ? 9. ? 10.

短文改錯

As the development of science and technology， our world would change lot in the future. If we like to， we don’t need to go out to buy things， go to the library to read， seeing a doctor in the hospital， and so on. To your joy， it is easy to visit the other planet， such as the Mars. But we will own a tidy and green world because all the energy what we use is from the sun. What’s more， any illness can be cured and many people can live long with a healthier body. All those would be true， I think， through our effort.

Section Ⅲ Developing ideas

基礎訓練

用所給詞的適當形式填空。 單詞填空

1.Yesterday we did an experiment on wood to see whether it heat， and at last we found that wood is a poor of heat. （conduct）

2.It is that he changed his will the day before his death. ， some people are unhappy about it. （significant）

3.He is a well-known who is brave and always takes a way to look for the truth. （science）

4.The of the word remains unknown. Most people don’t know its meaning. （origin）

5.More and more stuff has been invented by technology. It’s convenient for people them whenever they go. （wear）

6.He forgot he had something important to do today and wasted an day on playing games. （entire）

7.As a ， he spends hours every day doing experiments with in the lab. （chemistry）

8.She’s perfectly of doing it herself. And we all know she does have the to do things well. （capable）

9.There is no doubt that people can also make achievements. （ordinary）

10.It is made of an extremely plastic. Some scientists say it has better than many other materials. （flexible）

根據括號內提示翻譯句子。 單句表達

1. 我不知道是誰想出這個主意的，但它真的很棒。（come up with）

2. 現如今學校非常重視傳統文化教育。（attach... to...）

3. 你是什么時候決定要當一名志愿者老師的？（強調句型）

4. 我的想法是這個計劃應該盡快實施。（表語從句）

5. 最后，我們手里拿著杯子，照了一張合影。（with復合結構）

提示寫作

選用所給詞匯或句型造句并組成一段連貫的短文（80詞左右）。

It is proved that... attach... to pull out pull... into shake prepare

... draw the conclusion that... The experiment aims to/is designed to...

能力提升

閱讀理解

A

Charles Darwin lived an unusually quiet life. In 1842， Darwin and his wife Emma moved from London to Kent in southern England to have as little disturbance （煩擾） as possible. They already had two children then， and would go on to have eight more in the country.

Darwin had very regular habits. He rose early and went for a walk. After breakfast he worked in his study until 9：30 am， his most productive time of the day， and then read his letters lying on the sofa before returning to work.

At midday he would go for another walk with his dog， stopping at his greenhouse to check his experiments. Then he would go for another walk around an area of woodland. While walking on his “thinking path”， Darwin would consider his unsolved scientific problems.

After lunch he read the newspaper and wrote letters. His network of friends provided information from all corners of the world.

The Darwins were not very strict parents and the children were always seen running wild. Their father worked patiently with a background of happy shouts and little footsteps walking past his study door.

After dinner Darwin played backgammon （a game for two people to play） with his wife. He once wrote， “Now the result with my wife in backgammon stands like this： she has won only 2，490 games. while I have won， hurrah （a cheer of joy or victory）， hurrah， 2，795 games！”

Although he had poor health， Darwin continued to publish a lot of creative works until his final book in 1881. He died the following year， aged 73.

Rather than a quiet space in the local churchyard， which he called “the sweetest place on Earth”， Darwin was given a state funeral （國葬） in London’s Westminster Abbey.

1. Why did the Darwins move to Kent？

A. To do more experiments. B. To cut their cost of living.

C. To enjoy more peacefulness. D. To be together with their children.

2. What did Darwin use to do while taking a walk？

A. He talked with his wife. B. He trained his dog.

C. He stopped here and there. D. He thought about some scientific problems.

3. What did Darwin’s children probably think of him？

A. Strict. B. Kind. C. Cold. D. Brave.

4. What does the text mainly tell us about Darwin？

A. His scientific achievements. B. His unusual state funeral.

C. His personal life. D. His large family.

B

As more and more people speak the global languages of English， Chinese， Spanish， and Arabic， other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact， half of the 6，000—7，000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century， according to the United Nations Educational， Scientific， and Cultural Organization （UNESCO）.

In an effort to prevent language loss， scholars from a number of organizations—UNESCO and National Geographic among them—have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.

Mark Turin， a scientist at the Macmillan Center， Yale University， who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas， is following in that tradition. His published book， A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture， grows out of his experience living， working， and raising a family in a village in Nepal.

Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin， who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India， Nepal， Bhutan， and China. But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.

At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials—including photographs， films， tape recordings， and field notes—which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.

Now， through the two organizations that he has founded—the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project—Turin has started a campaign to make such documents， found in libraries and stores around the world， available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet， Turin notes， the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.

5. Many scholars are making efforts to? .

A. further global languages B. save disappearing languages

C. search for language communities? ? ? D. set up language research organizations

6. What does “that tradition” in Paragraph 3 refer to？

A. Having full records of the languages. B. Writing books on language teaching.

C. Telling stories about language users.? D. Living with the native speakers.

7. What is Turin’s book based on？

A. The cultural studies in India.? ? ? ? B. The documents available at Yale.

C. His language research in Bhutan.? ? D. His personal experience in Nepal.

8. Which of the following words can best summarize Turin’s work？

A. Write， sell and donate.? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. Record， repair and share.

C. Collect， protect and reconnect.? ? ? ? D. Design， experiment and report.

完形填空

I live in a house with a beautiful view of hills and our little town. When I here 24 years ago the man next door was building a in his backyard and I could him from my window.

He was building it alone. I enjoyed watching the of the boat and I got to know my

， Charles. It turned out this was his boat; he had built a slightly smaller wooden sailboat but had sold it before ever sailing it himself. It was a beautiful boat but Charles to get on with the bigger steel boat.

Charles did things very carefully and would not be to finish any part of the boat. He handcrafted it， piece by piece. ， with the passing years， Charles’s began to worsen. And work on the boat progressed even slowly. Then he was in a bad car accident which left him with a sore back and that him even more. Although we didn’t it， I know he reached a point at which he realized he would never be able to the boat. He had been working on it almost daily for 25 years but he couldn’t .

Fortunately， Charles was able to the boat and the other day I looked out of the window and the big boat was . I haven’t talked to Charles since the boat was taken away. It was a great to move it and I saw Charles out there helping as he watched his ， one that consumed so much of his life， head off to its new owner. I’m sure he is both relieved that the boat is no longer in the yard to make him that he couldn’t complete it and that a huge part of his life is no longer there.

1. A. passed B. left C. moved D. searched

2. A. house B. boat C. garden D. pool

3. A. watch B. warn C. ask D. support

4. A. show B. picture C. progress D. result

5. A. worker B. neighbor C. leader D. owner

6. A. first B. second C. only D. best

7. A. regretted B. failed C. agreed D. wanted

8. A. rushed B. pleased C. patient D. bored

9. A. Strangely B. Suddenly C. Unfortunately D. Quickly

10. A. research B. behavior C. safety D. health

11. A. encouraged B. helped C. slowed D. surprised

12. A. talk about B. care about C. wait for D. pay for

13. A. try B. finish C. design D. forget

14. A. continue B. start C. stop D. rest

15. A. take B. build C. sell D. sail

16. A. broken B. done C. replaced D. gone

17. A. duty B. task C. exercise D. idea

18. A. tool B. business C. project D. plan

19. A. remember B. believe C. imagine D. doubt

20. A. afraid B. worried C. angry D. sad

Writing

話題表達指導

話題介紹

話題：實驗報告。要求運用本單元所學核心知識，就某一次實驗寫一篇實驗報告。

建議體裁：說明文。

注意事項：時態通常采用一般現在時。文章結構一般為總—分—總，即引入部分說明實驗目的，主體部分介紹所需實驗材料并說明具體的實驗過程，最后闡述實驗結果（或現象）并總結實驗結論。另外，實驗報告的寫作要語言簡潔、準確、富有邏輯性。

題例導學

題目

假定你是李華。下表中簡要介紹了你在化學課上做過的一次實驗，請根據表格中的內容，寫一份英文實驗報告。

注意：

1. 詞數100左右；

2. 可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。

坩堝 crucible 酒精燈 alcohol burner 參考詞匯：鎂條 magnesium rod

思路引導1·審題

本題是要求寫一篇實驗報告，審題時要注意以下幾點：

1. 主體人稱：第三人稱

2. 主體時態：一般現在時

3. 文章結構：（總）說明實驗目的—（分）介紹實驗用品并說明實驗步驟—（總）闡述實驗結果并得出實驗結論

思路引導2·本單元語言知識運用

根據漢語意思及提示翻譯句子。

1. 這個實驗是為了測量鎂在空氣中燃燒后重量是否有變化。（be designed to）

2. 為了進行實驗，我準備了以下材料。（carry out）

3. 把坩堝放在天平上稱重。（put... on）

4. 點燃酒精燈，把坩堝放在上面，給鎂加熱。（place... over）

5. 我可以得出結論：鎂在空氣中燃燒后重量有變化。（draw the conclusion that）

思路引導3·連句成篇

范例展示

The experiment is designed to find out if there’s a change in weight after magnesium burns in air.

To carry out the experiment， I prepared the following materials： a magnesium rod， an alcohol burner， a balance and a crucible.

Procedure：

First， put the magnesium rod in the crucible.

Then， put the crucible on the balance and weigh them.

Next， light the alcohol burner and place the crucible over it to heat the magnesium rod.

Finally， weigh them again， and compare the two weights.

I saw that the magnesium rod weighs a little more than before. So through the experiment I can draw the conclusion that there is a change in weight after magnesium burns in air.

話題表達

假如今天在物理老師的幫助下，你們做了一個有趣的實驗。請根據表格中的內容，用英語為本次實驗寫一篇實驗報告。

注意：

1. 詞數100左右；

2. 可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。

醋 vinegar 溶解 dissolve 蛋殼 eggshell 參考詞匯：生的 raw

Section Ⅳ Presenting ideas

核心短語與句型回顧

短語

1. 除此之外，另外

2. 談及，就……而言

3. be capable 有能力

4. have a（n） desire to 有做……

的強烈愿望

5. 別輕易說不

6. 例如

7. recognition 無法辨認

8. 由于，歸因于

9. 連同……一起

10. 此外，除……以外

11. attach... 把……系于……；把……附在……上

12. 提出；找到（答案）

13. 發生，進行

14. a conclusion 得出結論

15. be recognised 被認為是

16. die 死于（疾病等）

句型

1. with + 賓語 + 賓語補足語

It is capable of using GPS technology to travel to different places， （利用計算技術控制“雙腿”）.

2. There be句型的完成時

There （有發明的黃金時代） throughout history.

3. 強調句

So （是什么） inspires us to invent things？

4. 表語從句

But （一直以來重要的是） we have an incredible desire to think and create...

5. that 引導的同位語從句

... there is no proof （它砸在了他的頭上）.

請根據提示，運用本單元核心知識就“科技與未來生活”的話題，談談你的看法。

提示：需用以下句型。

1. I’m interested in the work of... because...

2. There will be more... because...

3. It will be... for people to...