一維和二維鏑(Ⅱ)配合物的慢磁弛豫

吳建鋒　張海霞　張鵬　趙朗　唐金魁

(中國科學院長春應用化學研究所，稀土資源與利用國家重點實驗室，長春130022)

一維和二維鏑(Ⅱ)配合物的慢磁弛豫

吳建鋒張海霞張鵬趙朗唐金魁＊

(中國科學院長春應用化學研究所，稀土資源與利用國家重點實驗室，長春130022)

分別用稀土醋酸鹽和稀土高氯酸鹽與希弗堿配體和巰基煙酸配體反應得到了兩例鏑配合物[Dy2(OAc)6H2O]n(1)和{[DyL (H2O)4]ClO4·H2O}n(2)(L=2,2′-二硫代-二(3-吡啶甲酸))，并通過單晶X-射線衍射、元素分析、紅外光譜和磁性測試對其進行了表征。結構研究和磁性測試表明：化合物1是羧基橋連的一維鏈結構，該化合物表現出慢磁弛豫性質，有效能壘為2 K；化合物2是通過原位生成的二硫鍵橋連的二維網狀結構，表現出明顯的鐵磁相互作用和慢磁弛豫行為。

慢磁弛豫；鐵磁相互作用；二硫鍵

0　Introduction

Magnetic materials play an important role in our modern civilization and have driven great advances in the field of information technology,especially in highdensity data storage[1-3].However,the conventional magneticmaterialsarestilllimitedbythe superparamagnetic effect,preventing further increase of the storage density[4].Since the discovery of single molecule magnet(SMM)[5-6],which exhibits magnetism at molecular level,the study of molecule based magnets has been the focus of chemistry,physics,and materials science[5].In the past two decades,a major breakthrough have been procured in the study of single molecule magnet(SMM)[7-14]and single ion magnet(SIM)[13,15-19]both based on 3d metals,4f metals[20-21],or both. Although single chain magnet(SCM)[22-25]is not dazzling enough to catch great attention among the research of molecule based magnets in contrast with SMM and SIM, itispromisingtodesignandsynthesizeone dimensional[26-29],even two and threedimensional magnets,which behave magnetic relaxation.Herein,weobtainedtwocarboxylato-bridgeddysprosium complexes,[Dy2(OAc)6H2O]n(1)and{[DyL(H2O)4]ClO4· H2O}n(2),with one and two dimensional structures. Magnetic study reveals that complex 1 shows slow magnetic relaxation behavior and complex 2 exhibits intra-chainferromagneticinteractionandslow magnetic relaxation.

1　Experimental

1.1Materials and general procedures

All chemicals and solvents were of analytical grade(Aladdin,Sigma-Aldrich)and used without any further purification.Elemental analysis for C,H,N and S wascarried out on a Perkin-Elmer 2400 analyzer.IR spectra(Fig.1)were recorded with a Perkin-Elmer Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer using the reflectance technique(4 000～300 cm-1)with samples prepared as KBr disks.

Caution!Perchlorate salts of metal complexes are potentially explosive.They should be handled with care and prepared only in small quantities.

1.2X-ray crystal structure determination

Single-crystal X-ray data of the complexes were collected on a Bruker ApexⅡCCD diffractometer equippedwithgraphite-monochromatizedMo-Kα radiation(λ=0.071 073 nm)at 293(2)K.The structures were solved by direct methods and refined by fullmatrix least-squares methods on F2using SHELXTL-97[30].All non-hydrogen atoms were determined from the difference Fourier maps and refined anisotropically. The hydrogen atoms on the water molecules were determined from the difference Fourier maps.Other hydrogen atoms were introduced in calculated positions and refined with fixed geometry with respect to their carrier atoms.Crystallographic data are listed in Tables 1.

CCDC 1400117,1;1400116,2.

Fig.1　IR spectra of complexes 1(black)and 2(red)

Table 1Crystallographic data for complexes 1 and 2

1.3Magnetic measurements

Magneticsusceptibilitywasrecordedona Quantum Design MPMS-XL7 SQUID magnetometer equipped with a 7 T magnet.The variable-temperature magnetization was measured in the temperature range of 1.9～300 K with an external magnetic field of 1 000 Oe. The dynamics of the magnetization were investigated from the ac susceptibility measurements with or without staticfieldsanda3.0Oeacoscillatingfield. Diamagnetic corrections were made with the Pascals constants[31]for all the constituent atoms as well as the contributions of the sample holder.

Scheme 1Structural representations of ligand L1(left)and H2L(right)

1.4Synthesis of complexes 1 and 2

[Dy2(OAc)6H2O]n(1).Dy(OAc)3·6H2O(0.1 mmol) was dissolved in 10 mL CH3CN/5 mL CH2Cl2,followed by the addition of L1(0.15 mmol).Then triethylamine (0.2 mmol,28 μL)was added,and the mixture was stirred for 3 h.Colorless block-shaped single crystals, suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis,were isolated (70%yield based on Dy(OAc)3·6H2O)after 7 days. Elemental analysis Calcd.for[Dy2(OAc)6H2O]n(C12H20Dy2O13,MW=697.38):C,20.67%;H,2.89%.Found:C, 20.60%;H,2.91%.

{[DyL(H2O)4]ClO4·H2O}n(2).Dy(ClO4)3·6H2O(0.2 mmol)was dissolved in 8 mL CH3OH/8 mL EtOH, followed by the addition of 2-thionicotinic acid(0.1 mmol).Then pyridine(0.1 mmol,16 μL)was added, and the mixture was stirred for 5 h.Yellow blockshaped single crystals,suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis,were isolated(45%yield based on Dy(ClO4)3· 6H2O)after 4 days.Elemental analysis Calcd.for{[DyL (H2O)4]ClO4·H2O}n(C12H18ClDyN2O14S2,MW=676.35):C, 21.31%;H,2.68%;N,4.14%;S,9.48%.Found:C, 21.32%;H,2.70%;N,4.14%;S,9.39%.

Fig.2　1D chain structure(left)and coordination model(right)of 1 with azure,dark and red spheres representing Dy, C and O,respectively

2　Results and discussion

2.1Structure description of complex 1

The reactions of Dy(OAc)3·6H2O with L1in the presence of triethylamine,afforded complex 1.Details forthestructuresolutionandrefinementare summarized in Table 1,and selected bond distances and angles are listed in Table 2.Single-crystal X-ray (Fig.2)studies reveal that complexe 1 crystallizes in monoclinic space group Ia with Z=4.The structure can be described as one dimensional dysprosium chain linked by OAc-without ligand L1,suggesting arelative poor coordination ability of ligand L1(Scheme 1).The asymmetric unit is composed of two DyIIIions, six OAc-anions and one coordinated water molecule, in which the two DyIIIions(Dy1 and Dy2)are linked by three OAc-anions in two bridging modes:two of them are μ2-η1:η2,the rest is μ2-η1:η1(Fig.2).The distance between DyIIIions is 0.396 nm due to the μ2-η1:η2bridge.In such a distance,strong intramolecular magnetic coupling is not necessarily precluded.A closer look at the coordination sphere of DyIIIions reveals that all the coordinating atoms are O atoms fromOAc-anionsandwatermolecule.The introduction of water makes a great difference between the coordination spheres of DyIIIions.Dy1 shows distorted mono-capped square-antiprismatic geometry as analyzed by the program SHAPE 2.1(Table 3), with a water molecule as the cap atom,while,Dy2 showstriangulardodecahedralgeometryintheabsence of coordinated water.Just because of the capped O atoms from water,the structure shows a zigzag shape chain with Dy1 in the corner.Whats more, the corners of each chain are close to each other with the shortest inter-chain distance of 0.639 5 nm,which does not necessarilytoprecludeanyinter-chain magnetic interactions.

Table 2Selected bond distances(nm),angles(°)for complexes 1 and 2

Table 3Continuous Shape Measure(CShM)values calculated by SHAPE 2.1 for 1 and 2

2.2Structure description of complex 2

The reactions of Dy(ClO4)3·6H2O and H2L with pyridine as the base afford complex 2.In contrast with complex 1,the structure of 2(Fig.3),crystallized in orthorhombic space group Cmca with Z=8,is more complex and interesting.The asymmetric unit is composed of one DyIIIion,one ligand L,one ClO4-and five water molecules,in which ligand L is derived from in-situ reaction of 2-thionicotinic acid.The structure can be described as two dimensional dysprosium network,in which one dimensional carboxyl bridged dysprosium chains are connected by ligand L.All DyIIIions,in the same coordinating geometry,i.e.,four O atoms from ligands L and four coordinated water molecules construct triangular dodecahedral geometry, are linked by carboxyls from ligand L with common synsynbridgingmode,formingonedimensional dysprosium chains.The dysprosium chains are linked by disulfide bonds,which are formed from in-situ reaction.The intra-and inter-chain distances are 0.517 nm and 0.974 nm,respectively.

Fig.3　2D network structure(left)and coordination model(right)of 2 with azure,dark,blue,green,cyan and red spheres representing Dy,C,N,Cl,S and O,respectively

2.3Magnetic properties

The static magnetic susceptibilities of complexes 1 and 2(Fig.4)were collected in the temperature range of 2～300 K under an applied magnetic field of 1000 Oe,and the magnetization(M)data were collected in the field range of 0～7 T below 5 K.The room temperature values of χMT(28.26 cm3·K·mol-1and 13.91 cm3·K·mol-1,for 1 and 2,respectively)are close to the expected value of 14.17 cm3·K·mol-1for each DyIIIion,which indicates that the free-ion approximation applies.Upon cooling,however,the χMT values show different tendency,which is dependent on the magnetic interaction between DyIIIcenters.For complex 1,the χMT decreases slowly down to 10 K, reaching,after a sudden drop,the value of 17.23 cm3· K·mol-1at 2.0 K.The slow decrease and sudden drop are indicative of Stark level splitting at the lanthanide ions in weak crystal field and inter-chain or intrachainantiferromagneticmagneticinteractions, respectively[32].The field-dependent magnetization for 1(Fig.5)rises abruptly at low fields and reaches 11.73μBat 7 T without saturation,suggesting the presenceofmagneticanisotropy[33].In the case of complex 2,the χMT decrease slowly down to 11 K and reaches a minimal value of 12.22 cm3·K·mol-1,then increases suddenly and reaches the maximal value of 14.17 cm3·K·mol-1at 2.0 K.The inconstant χMT valuessuggesttwopossibilities:thepresenceof ferromagnetic coupling between DyIIIions within the chain because the interchain magnetic interaction is relatively weak due to the long interchain Dy…Dy distance,or the occupation of Stark sublevels with higher|Jz|values at low temperature[23].The fielddependent magnetization for 2(Fig.5)rises abruptly atlowfieldsandreaches6.26μBat7Twithout saturation,suggestingthepresenceofmagnetic anisotropy or the considerable crystal-field effects[33].

Fig.4　Temperature dependence of χMT products at 1 kOe,between 2 and 300 K for 1(left)and 2(right).Inset:plots of M-H/T for 1 and 2

Fig.5　Field dependent magnetization for complexes 1(left)and 2(right)at 1.9,3.0,and 5.0 K

In order to investigate the SMM behavior of 1 and 2,alternating-current(ac)magnetic susceptibility measurements were also performed.Out-of-phase(χ″) susceptibilities signal aredetected for complexes 1 and 2(Fig.6)under zero dc field,indicating slow magnetic relaxation behavior.Interestingly,the χ″of complex 1 (Fig.7)under a 1 000 Oe dc field shows a small shoulder under 5 K.Upon cooling,the χ″increases again at lower temperature region,indicating quantum tunnelingprocess,whichhappensbetweenthe degeneratedgroundstates[34-36].Thetemperaturedependent ac susceptibility suggests the single-ion origin of such a slow relaxation behavior instead of single chain magnetism under 1 000 dc fields since the antiferromagnetic interaction detected in the static magnetic susceptibilities study is too weak to induce ordered magnetic moment arrangement.Although no maxima in χ″are observed here,the energy barrier and τ0can be evaluated through the equation bellow[37-38]:

Fig.6　Temperature-dependent out-of-phase(χ″) susceptibilitiesfor 1and2at1000Hz,under zero dc field

The best fitting of ln(χ″/χ′)vs.1/T plots(Fig.9) gives an estimate of the activation energy and the characteristic time of～2 K and 1×10-7s,respectively.

Compared with 1,χ″for 2 below 5 K increase slower under zero dc field(Fig.6),indicating that the magnetic coupling between DyIIIions is not strong enough to suppress the quantum tunneling effect. While,a new small shoulder appears at 7 K when 400Oedc field is applied(Fig.8),indicatingslow relaxationofcomplex2.Whenloweringthe temperature,χ″increasesrapidly,implyingthat quantum tunneling mechanism plays the dominant role in the low temperature region.

Fig.7　Temperature-dependent ac susceptibility for 1 under 1 000 Oe dc field

Fig.8　Temperature-dependent out-of-phase(χ″) susceptibilities for 2 at 1 000 Hz,under zero and 400 Oe dc field

Fig.9　Plot of natural ln(χ″/χ′)vs 1/T for 1

3　Conclusions

In summary,1D and 2D dysprosium complexes, 1 and 2,have been isolated.Single crystal X-ray studies reveal that complex 1 is one dimensional zigzag chain linked by OAc-while complex 2 is two dimensional network constructed by disulfide bond bridged one dimensional dysprosium chains.Magnetic study shows that complex 1 exhibits slow magnetic relaxation behavior with energy barrier of 2 K,while complex 2 shows ferromagnetic magnetic interaction and slow magnetic relaxation.

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Magnetic Relaxation in 1D and 2D Dysprosium(Ⅱ)Coordination Polymers

WU Jian-FengZHANG Hai-XiaZHANG PengZHAO LangTANG Jin-Kui＊
(State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization,Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130022,China)

Two dysprosium complexes,[Dy2(OAc)6H2O]n(1)and{[DyL(H2O)4]ClO4·H2O}n(2)(L=2,2′-dithiobis(3-pyridinecarboxylic acid)),were synthesized and structurally and magnetically characterized.Complex 1 is a 1D dysprosium chain,in which the dysprosium ions are bridged by OAc-anions,exhibiting slow magnetic relaxation behavior with an energy barrier of 2 K.Complex 2 is a 2D dysprosium network,in which the carboxylato-bridged dysprosium chains are linked by disulfide bonds,showing ferromagnetic interaction and slow magnetic relaxation. CCDC:1400117,1;1400116,2.

slow magnetic relaxation;ferromagnetic interaction;disulphide bond

O614.342

A

1001-4861(2015)09-1847-08

10.11862/CJIC.2015.236

2015-05-29。收修改稿日期：2015-07-13。

國家自然科學基金(No.21371166)資助項目。

＊通訊聯系人。E-mail：tang@ciac.ac.cn；會員登記號：S06N9843M1004。