“從4個地球到1個地球”未來氣候友好型住宅

ReV?rk建筑事務所，Tegnestuen LOKAL建筑事務所，Leth &Gori建筑事務所，R?nnow建筑事務所，丹麥皇家建筑藝術學院工業化建筑中心

“從4 個地球到1 個地球”是一項旨在將住宅建筑對氣候的影響降至目前水平的1/4 的倡議。在由3 位新生代丹麥建筑師設計的3個展館中，參觀者可以找到應對這個問題的3種不同答案。

（1）第一個展館由ReV?rk 建筑事務所設計，采用夯土等環保可替代材料建造，兼具美感和功能性。展館具有面朝海港的視野，其展示的概念性住宅不僅宜居，而且也很容易生產實現。

（2）第二個展館由R?nnow 建筑事務所、Leth &Gori 建筑事務所和丹麥皇家建筑藝術學院工業化建筑中心聯合設計建造。這是一座茅草覆蓋的磚屋，它將傳統材料和生物基材料相結合，創造出一種理性的建筑系統，在隔熱、強度和防火上均能滿足要求。

（3）第三個展館由Tegnestuen LOKAL 建筑事務所和Aaen Engineering 工程咨詢公司共同設計建造。這座名為“四分之一宅”的展館探討了減少CO2排放的兩種路徑，即采用新的建造方式和新的生活方式。那么問題是：我們如何設計出人均居住面積更小的住宅？

From 4 to 1 Planet is an initiative aimed at reducing climate impact from residential buildings to a fourth of the current level.Find three different answers to this question in our three pavilions,developed by next generations architects.

(1) ReV?rk presents an aesthetically and functionally convincing home made from alternative materials,including rammed earth.With its integrated view over the harbour,the concept is not only an attractive solution for the users but also realistic in terms of production requirements.

(2) R?nnow Architects,Leth &Gori and CINARK present a home in thatched brick blocks which combines conventional and biobased materials and deliver a rational building system which can realistically meet the requirements for insulation,strength and fire.

(3) Tegnestuen LOKAL+Aaen Engineering present the Quarter Pie Pavilion which explores a dual path to CO2-reduction: Alternative approaches to construction combined with new approaches to living: How can we design for fewer square metres per person?

2 該展館是排屋類型的原型，旨在通過使用生物材料減少建筑環境的CO2排放量 The pavilion is a prototype on the typology a row house.Through biogenic materials it is the prototypes aim to reduce the built environment CO2 emission

自然之亭

建筑師希望通過展館讓參觀者體驗概念性住宅的空間和材料品質。展館向人們展示的是壓縮粘土、稻草和圓木等基本材料，雖然與許多人認知中的“現代住宅”相去甚遠，但也可以創造出精致的空間，為人們帶來獨特的感官體驗。讓人們建立這種意識非常重要，因為采用這些材料的住宅方案在促進建筑行業的可持續轉型中有極大的潛力，然而在丹麥，使用這些材料建造的高品質住宅案例依然非常稀缺。

A Natural Pavilion Experience

With the Pavilion,it is desired to give the visitors the experience of the spatial qualities and material qualities of the housing concept.The aim is to demonstrate that the basic materials like compressed clay soil,straw and round timber,which are far from the idea of the modern home for many people,can appear refined and with high sensory value.It is important to create this awareness,as these materials and solutions have decisive potentials in the sustainable transition,but still lack exemplifications in qualified architectural totality on Danish soil.

3 立面 Fa?ade

4 內景 Interior view

5 夯土結構的陰影和光線 Shadow and light on the rammed earth construction

6 覆蓋磚塊的展館外觀 Covered Brick Block Pavilion exterior

7 展館入口 Pavilion entrance

8 開窗 Window opening

9 展館空間中的窗座 Window seat in pavilion space

10 外部細節 Exterior detail

11 內景 Interior view

茅草磚屋

該項目研究了一種基于粘土和茅草兩種本地傳統材料的新型建筑技術。建筑師將隔熱空心磚塊與茅草屋頂相結合，創造出一座堅固而透氣的建筑，它既有一種熟悉的親切感，又能塑造健康優質的居家環境。該項目立足于丹麥歷史悠久的建筑文化、手工藝和建筑技術，提供了一種關于未來的構想——在未來，我們必須建造更加長期耐用的住宅以降低CO2的排放量。R?nnow 建筑事務所、Leth &Gori 建筑事務所和丹麥皇家建筑藝術學院工業化建筑中心共同完成了這個展館，它以1:1 的比例展示了茅草磚屋的建筑系統，希望借此讓人們了解其建筑技術、空間特點和材料特性。

Covered Brick Block

It is a project which examines a new building technique based on the traditional and local materials clay and thatching.By combining insulating brick blocks ("poroton") with thatched roofs,a robust and breathable construction is created,which is both familiar and suitable for creating good,healthy homes.The project stands on the shoulders of our historical building culture,craftsmanship and building techniques,and reaches into a future where we must build longterm durable homes to achieve a much lower CO2footprint.In connection with the project,R?nnow,Leth &Gori and Cinark have developed a pavilion which exemplifies the building system in 1:1 and provides an insight into the project's building technique as well as spatial and material properties.

12 展館由生物材料和回收材料制成 The Pavilion is made out of biogenic materials and recycled materials

13 展館由預制木材和辦公建筑的回收玻璃組成 The pavilion consists of prefabricated wood and recycled glass from office buildings

14 展館是一個關于材料浪費新解決方案的展覽 The Pavilion is a exhibition on how new solutions and material consumption

四分之一宅

Tegnestuen LOKAL 建筑事務所和Aaen Engineering 工程咨詢公司通過共同完成的展館，展示了概念性住宅“四分之一宅”的理念：全球住房公平的宣言。展館采用輕質、可拆卸的防雨罩作為外骨骼，與厚重的中心部分形成鮮明對比，創造出一個有趣的第三空間，構成了概念性住宅和展館的建筑主題。展館運用防雨罩和支撐龍骨兩種最簡單的構件形成氣候調節幕布，實現了完全的“可拆卸設計”，展示了一種緊湊而不失建筑美感、為未來的用途變化預留了靈活性的住宅方案。□（母卓爾 譯）

The Quarter Pie Pavilion

Tegnestuen LOKAL and Aaen Engineering's pavilion unfolds the main points of the accompanying housing concept: manifesto for the planetary fair housing.In the contrast between the lightweight,removable exoskeleton of the rain cover and the heavy core,an interesting third space is thus created,forming the main architectural grip of the housing concept and the pavilion.By means of this division of the climate screen into its simplest elements -the rain cover and the supporting structure -the pavilion is constructed for full "design for disassembly",and shows how the home can be constructed compact,architecturally attractive and with the greatest possible flexibility for the changing use of the future.