

摘要:隨著光伏產業和新能源汽車產業的蓬勃發展,國內外鋰資源需求持續增加,黏土型鋰礦逐漸成為礦產勘查的重點。經地質調查,南漳縣西部梁山組黏土巖存在鋰的超常富集現象,具備形成獨立鋰礦床的潛力,而梁山組富鋰黏土巖物源特征、沉積環境和成礦規律的研究仍為空白。因此,有必要研究南漳縣西部梁山組富鋰黏土巖物源特征,以進一步揭示其源區地質特征,為后續找礦工作提供有效指導。經測定,南漳縣西部梁山組富鋰黏土巖樣品
Al2O3/TiO2比值為14.45~37.69,平均值為27.68;K2O/Al2O3比值為0.001 7~0.020 6,平均值為0.009 8;Cr/Zr比值為0.144 9~0.351 9,平均值為0.277 5。結果表明,黏土巖物源區主要為長英質巖石。La/Sc-Th/Co圖解、Zr-TiO2圖解中,所有樣品點均落在長英質物源區,顯示物源的單一性。大多數樣品的化學蝕變指數(Chemical Index of Alteration,CIA)、化學風化指數(Chemical Index of Weathering,CIW)均在90以上,說明源巖經歷強烈化學風化作用。
關鍵詞:梁山組;富鋰黏土巖;物源;化學蝕變指數(CIA);化學風化指數(CIW);南漳縣
中圖分類號:P618.71 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1008-9500(2024)03-00-03
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-9500.2024.03.020
Abstract: With the vigorous development of the photovoltaic industry and the new energy vehicle industry, the demand for lithium resources at home and abroad continues to increase, and clay type lithium mines have gradually become the focus of mineral exploration. According to geological surveys, there is an abnormal enrichment of lithium in the clay rocks of the Liangshan Formation in the western Nanzhang county, which has the potential to form independent lithium deposits, however, research on the source characteristics, sedimentary environment, and mineralization laws of the lithium rich clay rocks of the Liangshan Formation is still blank. Therefore, it is necessary to study the source characteristics of lithium rich clay rocks in the Liangshan Formation in the western Nanzhang county, in order to further reveal the geological characteristics of its source area and provide effective guidance for subsequent mineral exploration work. According to measurements, the Al2O3/TiO2 ratio of the lithium rich clay rock samples from the Liangshan Formation in the western Nanzhang county ranges from 14.45 to 37.69, with an average value of 27.68; the K2O/Al2O3 ratio ranges from 0.001 7 to 0.020 6, with an average value of 0.009 8; the Cr/Zr ratio ranges from 0.144 9 to 0.351 9, with an average value of 0.277 5. The results indicate that the clay source area is mainly composed of felsic rocks. In the La/Sc-Th/Co diagram and Zr-TiO2 diagram, all sample points are located in the source region of feldspar, indicating the singularity of the source. The Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) and Chemical Index of Weathering (CIW) of most samples are above 90, indicating that the source rock has undergone strong chemical weathering.
Keywords: Liangshan Formation; lithium rich clay rock; source; Chemical Index of Alteration(CIA); Chemical Index of Weathering(CIW); Nanzhang county
南漳縣位于湖北省西北部,隸屬于襄陽市,地處漢江以南、荊山東麓,位于鄂西北山區向漢江中游過渡的地帶,礦產資源較為豐富。地質調查發現,南漳縣西部梁山組黏土巖存在鋰的超常富集現象,具備形成獨立鋰礦床的潛力,而該地區關于梁山組富鋰黏土巖物源特征、沉積環境、成礦規律的研究還處于空白。本文研究該地區梁山組富鋰黏土巖物源特征,進一步揭示其源區地質特征,為后續找礦工作提供一定指導。
1 地質概況
研究區位于湖北省西北部,大地構造處于上揚子陸塊,地層分區隸屬揚子地層大區的上揚子地層區,主要出露三疊系嘉陵江組-志留系紗帽組地層,變質巖、巖漿巖未見出露,如圖1所示。其中,梁山組呈北西向條帶狀展布,巖性組合具有明顯的三分性,頂部、底部均為(石英)砂巖段,中部主要為黏土巖段,由(灰)黑色含炭泥(頁)巖、炭質泥(頁)巖和淺黃綠色泥巖組成,為鋰超常富集部位。
2 研究方法
針對南漳縣西部一帶中二疊統梁山組中部富鋰黏土巖,選擇有代表性的樣品,進行主量元素、微量元素測試。樣品的預處理是先將巖石樣品用清水沖洗、烘干,用陶瓷研缽初步研磨后去除樣品中的粗碎屑顆粒,再將其中的黏土巖用瑪瑙研缽破碎。用標準分樣篩過篩后,保留粒徑小于0.075 mm的樣品,送至湖北省地質局第八地質大隊實驗測試中心完成分析測試。
3 討論
3.1 物源區巖石性質
常用Al2O3/TiO2比值、K2O/Al2O3比值及Cr/Zr比值、La/Sc-Th/Co圖解、Zr-TiO2圖解等來判別源巖性質及其組分特征[1-5]。研究區各樣品Al2O3/TiO2比值分布范圍較廣,為14.45~37.69,平均值為27.68;K2O/Al2O3比值為0.001 7~0.020 6,平均值為0.009 8,遠低于0.5;Cr/Zr比值普遍較低,為0.144 9~0.351 9,平均值為0.277 5。La/Sc-Th/Co、Zr-TiO2圖解如圖2所示,所有樣品均落在長英質火成巖物源區。這說明所研究的黏土巖母巖主要為長英質巖石,無鐵鎂質巖石組分,且母巖中堿性長石含量較低。
3.2 物源區巖石風化特征
化學蝕變指數(Chemical Index of Alteration,CIA)、化學風化指數(Chemical Index of Weathering,CIW)等指標可表征源巖化學風化強度[6-7]。研究區梁山組富鋰黏土巖樣品中,僅一個樣品CIA值為85.92,其他均在90以上,介于93.91~99.42;CIW值介于95.29~99.66。以上結果均顯示研究區目標巖石的源巖經歷強烈的風化作用。
4 結語
Al2O3/TiO2比值、K2O/Al2O3比值、Cr/Zr比值、La/Sc-Th/Co圖解和Zr-TiO2圖解顯示,研究區梁山組富鋰黏土巖源巖性質主要為長英質巖石,且巖石中堿性長石含量較低。大多數樣品的化學蝕變指數、化學風化指數均在90以上,說明源巖經歷強烈化學風化作用。
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收稿日期:2024-01-19
基金項目:湖北省地質勘查基金項目“湖北省襄陽地區鋰多金屬礦產調查評價項目”(〔2023〕1)。
作者簡介:閆博(1988—),男,湖北襄陽人,碩士,工程師。研究方向:區域地質調查、礦產地質調查及礦產勘查。