





摘 "要:設計了一款機械式蠕變測試結構,用于搜集金屬和非金屬樣條的蠕變力學行為。首先,采用盒型有導軌可伸長測試工裝,可以保證測試方向不變,減少測試過程中樣品的扭曲;其次,通過設計較小的空間和可實時反饋的溫控系統,以及使用重錘形成的恒定的拉力,實現了穩定高精度的測試條件;再次,通過將標距設置為100mm,采集位移的分辨率為0.5mm,可得到精確到每0.5%的蠕變應變。此外,設計了保護裝置,降低潛在的安全風險。所設計的結構為蠕變測試提供了一個簡易、低成本的設備方案。
關鍵詞:機械式設備;標距;溫控系統;蠕變應變
中圖分類號:TH122 """""""文獻標志碼: A
Development of a simple mechanical creep testing equipmentQIN Jisheng
(Sunwoda Mobility Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China)
Abstract: This paper describes the design of a mechanical creep testing equipment for collecting the creep mechanical behavior of both metallic and nonmetallic specimens. Firstly, a boxtype test fixture with guide rails and extendable features is employed to ensure that the testing direction remains constant, minimizing distortion of the specimen during the testing process. Secondly, stable and highprecision testing conditions are achieved through the design of a realtime feedback temperature control system in a compact space, and the application of a constant tensile force generated by a heavy object composed of various weights. Furthermore, by setting the gauge length of specimen to 100mm and collecting displacement data with a resolution of 0.5mm, creep strain with accuracy of every 0.5% can be obtained. Additionally, protective measures have been incorporated to reduce potential safety risks. The equipment designed in this article provides a simple and lowcost device solution for creep testing.
Key words: mechanical equipment; gauge length; temperature control system; creep strain
0 "引 "言
蠕變是指在保持應力不變的條件下,固體材料隨著時間的推移而產生的應變增加現象[1]。與塑性變形不同,后者通常在應力超過彈性極限時發生,而蠕變則在長時間作用下,即使在應力低于彈性極限的情況下也會出現[2-3]。很多材料,包括金屬、塑料、巖石和冰在特定條件下都表現出蠕變性質[4-6]。由于許多零部件在一定溫度下工作,溫度會加速蠕變,導致蠕變變形增加。
通常,蠕變測試使用蠕變持久試驗機進行,這些機器可以分為機械式[7-8]和電子式[9-10]兩類。機械式試驗機是傳統產品,而電子式是近年來開發的新型產品。由于電子式蠕變持久試驗機一般具有能夠進行應力松弛試驗和低周蠕變循環試驗等獨特優點,市場需求急劇增加。然而,電子式蠕變試驗機進行長期蠕變測試會受到定值漂移的影響。……