內容摘要:敦煌經部文獻的校勘整理,除了應具有進行傳世文獻校勘所必須具備的目錄學、版本學、文字學、音韻學、訓詁學以及古代典章文化方面的基本功以外,還需關注敦煌寫卷的書寫體例、唐五代西北方音、敦煌文獻的避諱、寫本旁注字、文字演變史以及清人的研究成果,如果在這幾方面認識不足,就會出現校錄及結論考訂方面的錯誤。
關鍵詞:敦煌寫本;經部;校錄;知識儲備
中圖分類號:G256.1" 文獻標識碼:A" 文章編號:1000-4106(2024)04-0107-08
On the Reserve of Knowledge Necessary for the Collation of
the Confucian Classics among Dunhuang Documents
XU Jianping
(Institute of Ancient Books Research Center of Chinese History, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, Zhejiang)
Abstract:Collating and organizing manuscripts of the Confucian Classics among the Dunhuang documents requires basic knowledge in the fields of typology, philology, phonology, exegetics, and cataloging, as well as an understanding of the culture of ancient scholarship. In addition to these basic skills, specialized knowledge in various related areas is also necessary, namely: close attention to the unique writing style of the manuscripts from Dunhuang; knowledge of the linguistic dialects of northwest China during the Tang and Five Dynasties; knowledge of the taboos surrounding Dunhuang documents; attention to the annotations in the margins of the manuscripts; understanding of the evolutionary history of Chinese characters, and; knowledge of the research results achieved by the Qing dynasty literati. Without sufficient understanding of these aspectsof the Confucian documents of Dunhuang, errors are likely to occur in collation and research work.
Keywords:Dunhuang manuscripts; Confucian Classics; collation; knowledge reserve
(Translated by WANG Pingxian)
經學是中國傳統文化的主體,而十三經是經學的主要載體。經書文字的歧異,導致說義的不同,影響到人們對經義的理解,故自西漢開始,政府就重視經典文字的校訂。漢成帝河平二年(前27),劉向、劉歆父子典校中秘書,是歷史上第一次大規模校勘典籍的活動。之后刊刻漢石經、魏石經以及唐石經,都是通過校勘而確立國家的標準文本。有清一代,考據之學大興,清儒多有經典文本校勘之成果,至阮元編《十三經注疏校勘記》,詳列諸本異同,薈萃前人校勘成果,對十三經注疏作了全面系統的校理,可稱清儒經典校勘的集大成之作,迄今無出其右者。良好的校勘成果,需要滿足外、內兩個條件,即版本與學識。清儒學識,人所共知,毋庸置喙。然于版本,即使有能力薈萃當時所能見之所有版本,然后世之出土文獻,亦非清儒所能及見。地不愛寶,隨著近一百多年來大量的考古文獻出土,我們有幸獲睹唐宋以前之傳抄文獻,其中跟儒家經……