動詞不定式用法正誤例析

1.我認為你最好不要把那件事告訴她。

誤：I think you’d better not to tell her about it.

誤：I think you’d better don’t tell her about it.

正：I think you’d better not tell her about it.

析：在助動詞（do / will / shall）、情態動詞（can / may / must / could / should / would）、had better以及“Will you please...？”等后面應接省去to的動詞不定式。其否定形式是在動詞前加“not”。

2.我終于使他改變了主意。

誤：I made him to change his mind at last.

正：I made him change his mind at last.

析：英語中的感官動詞（see / hear / watch / find / feel / look at / listen to）以及使役動詞（make / have / let）等，后跟不定式作賓語補足語時，要用省去to的動詞不定式。值得注意的是：將其主動語態變為被動語態時，“to”要加上。

3.老師叫孩子們不要在教室里踢足球。

誤：The teacher told （asked） the children not play football in the classroom.

誤：The teacher told （asked） the children don’t play football in the classroom.

正：The teacher told （asked） the children not to play football in the classroom.

析：在動詞tell / ask / want / order / like / teach / wish / would like （love）等動詞后，跟不定式作賓語補足語時，要帶to，其否定形式是在to前加not。

4.請告訴他們下一步該怎么辦。

誤：Please tell them what to do it next.

誤：Please tell them how to do next.

正：Please tell them what to do next.

正：Please tell them how to do it next.

析：不定式在與疑問代詞what / who / which等連用時，這些疑問代詞本身已作了不定式的賓語，故在不定式后無須再有其他名詞或代詞作賓語。但是，如果不定式與疑問副詞how / when / where等連用，該動詞不定式要么是不及物動詞，要么是“及物動詞 + 賓語”。如：

I don’t know which to choose. 我不知道選哪一個。

Do you know where to find him？ 你知道在哪兒能找到他嗎？

5.那位老人沒有房子住。

誤：The old man has no room to live.

正：The old man has no room to live in.

析：作定語用的動詞不定式，若為不及物動詞，在該動詞之后應加上適當的介詞。再如：Did he have anything to worry about？ 他有什么擔心的嗎？

6.這個箱子對那個孩子來說太重了，搬不動。

誤：The box is too heavy for the child to carry it.

正：The box is too heavy for the child to carry.

正：The box isn’t light enough for the child to carry.

正：The box is so heavy that the child can’t carry it.

析：在“主語 + be + too + 形容詞...to do”句型中，句中的主語，同時又是不定式的邏輯賓語。故在不定式后無須再加其他名詞或代詞來作不定式的賓語。

7.我們停下來休息一會兒吧。

誤：Let’s stop having a rest.

正：Let’s stop to have a rest.

析：stop doing sth.與stop to do sth.含義不同，前者表示“停止做某事”；后者指“停下來去做另一件事”。

8.明天別忘了把你的書帶來。

誤：Don’t forget bringing your book here tomorrow.

正：Don’t forget to bring your book here tomorrow.

析：forget / remember doing sth.意思是“忘記 / 記得做過某事”（已做過某事）；forget /remember to do sth.指“忘記 / 記得要去做某事”（某事還沒有做）。

9.當我路過他家時，我聽到他在唱歌。

誤：When I walked past his house， I heard him sing in the room.

正：When I walked past his house， I heard him singing in the room.

析：在感官動詞“see / watch / hear / listen to / look at / feel”等后面，用省去 “to”的動詞不定式作賓語補足語，表示動作的全過程。用動詞?ing作賓語補足語，表示動作正在進行。

10.你為何不出去散散步？

誤：Why not to go out for a walk？

正：Why not go out for a walk？ / Why don’t you go out for a walk？

析：Why not + 動詞原形...？相當于Why don’t you + 動詞原形...？，是表示建議的句型，意思是“為何不……？干嗎不……？”。