



[摘要] 目的 比較經皮椎體后凸成形術后鄰椎骨折和非鄰椎骨折病人的臨床特點。
方法 收集78例經皮椎體后凸成形術后再骨折病人的臨床資料,入選病人中鄰椎骨折組與非鄰椎骨折組各39例。比較兩組病人年齡、性別、骨折椎體楔變角、骨折局部后凸角、骨密度、胸腰段后凸角、腰椎后凸角、新發骨折與手術時間間隔、骨水泥泄露和冠狀位畸形等有無差異。
結果 與非鄰椎骨折組比較,鄰椎骨折組的新發骨折與手術時間間隔短(Z=2.256,Plt;0.05),骨折局部后凸角小(t=2.470,Plt;0.05),鄰椎骨折更容易發生于術后3月內(χ2=9.10 Plt;0.05)和6月內(χ2=7.12 Plt;0.05)。兩組年齡、性別、骨折椎體楔變角、骨密度、胸腰段后凸角、腰椎后凸角、骨水泥泄露和冠狀位畸形差異無顯著性(Pgt;0.05)。
結論 相比于非鄰椎骨折,鄰椎骨折更容易發生于經皮椎體后凸成形術后早期和局部后凸角更小的病人。
[關鍵詞] 骨質疏松性骨折;骨折,壓縮性;椎體后凸成形術
[中圖分類號] R681.5
[文獻標志碼] A
[文章編號] 2096-5532(2024)06-0912-04
doi:10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2024.60.200
[開放科學(資源服務)標識碼(OSID)]
[網絡出版] https://link.cnki.net/urlid/37.1517.R.20250109.1659.001;2025-01-10 10:54:37
Analysis of the clinical features of two types of fractures after percutaneous kyphoplasty
GAO Ang, HE Da
(Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100035, China)
[Abstract] Objective To compare the clinical features of patients with adjacent vertebral fracture (AVF) and non-adjacent vertebral fracture (NAVF) after percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP).
Methods "The clinical data were collected for 78 patients who experienced a second fracture after PKP. These patients were classified into AVF group and NAVF group, with 39 cases in each group. The two groups were compared for differences in age, sex, wedge angle of the fractured vertebral body, local kyphotic angle at the fracture site, bone mineral density, kyphotic angle of the thoracolumbar segment, kyphotic angle of the lumbar vertebrae, interval between the time of the new fracture and the time of operation, bone cement leakage, and coronal deformity.
Results "Compared with the NAVF group, the AVF group demonstrated a significantly shorter interval between the time of the new fracture and the time of operation (Z=2.256,Plt;0.05), a smaller local kyphosis angle at the fracture site (t=2.470,Plt;0.05), and a significantly strong susceptibility to AVF within 3 months (χ2=9.10 Plt;0.05) and 6 months (χ2=7.12 Plt;0.05) after operation. The two groups showed no significant differences in age, sex, wedge angle of the fractured vertebral body, bone mineral density, kyphotic angle of the thoracolumbar segment, kyphotic angle of the lumbar vertebrae, bone cement leakage, and coronal deformity (Plt;0.05).
Conclusion Compared with NAVF, AVF is more likely to develop in the early period following PKP and in patients with a smaller local kyphotic angle.
[Key words] osteoporotic fractures; fractures, compression; kyphoplasty
隨著全球人口老齡化的加劇,骨質疏松癥已經成為老年人群普遍存在的問題。而骨質疏松性椎體壓縮骨折(OVCF)是骨質疏松的主要并發癥之一,OVCF引起的疼痛、行走困難等癥狀極大地降低了老年病人的生活質量,給社會和家庭造成沉重的經濟負擔[1-2]。經皮椎體后凸成形術(PKP)的手術風險較低,可以迅速有效緩解OVCF病人疼痛,使病人能夠早期下地活動,避免長期臥床引起的并發癥[3-5]。但近年來有文獻報道,有9.3%~44.8%接受過PKP手術的病人會出現術后再骨折,具體原因不明確[5-11]。PKP手術后再骨折病人主要分為兩類,一類為初次骨折椎體的相鄰椎體骨折,另一類為非相鄰椎體骨折。目前缺乏對這兩類病人臨床特點的比較。本研究擬對PKP術后相鄰椎體骨折和非相鄰椎體骨折病人的臨床特點進行分析和比較,為臨床治療提供指導。
1 對象與方法
1.1 研究對象
選擇我院2022年1月—2024年8月收治的PKP術后再骨折病人78例。病人納入標準:①診斷為OVCF;②因保守治療效果不佳接受PKP手術,且年齡≥60周歲;③均接受單側入路PKP手術;③PKP術后再發OVCF;④有完整的臨床資料信息。病人排除標準:①既往有脊柱腫瘤病史;②既往有脊柱感染病史;③既往因脊柱退變、畸形、骨折等接受過脊柱手術;④缺乏完整資料。本研究獲得了我院倫理委員會批準。
1.2 研究方法
通過電子病例系統及院內影像儲存和傳輸系統,收集病人臨床信息,包括:①年齡;②性別;③初發OVCF節段;④再發OVCF節段;⑤初次OVCF時腰椎定量CT測量的骨密度值;⑥新發骨折與手術時間間隔;⑦是否有骨水泥泄露。收集病人X線、CT和MRI等影像學資料,測量腰椎前凸角、胸腰段后凸角、骨折椎體楔變角和骨折局部后凸角。腰椎前凸角定義為L 1椎體上終板與S 1椎體上終板的cobb角;胸腰段后凸角定義為T 10椎體上終板與L 2椎體下終板cobb角;骨折椎體楔變角定義為骨折椎體上下終板的cobb角;骨折局部后凸角定義為骨折椎體上位椎體下終板與下位椎體上終板之間的cobb角(圖1)[12-13]。同時觀察病人術前是否存在冠狀位畸形(cobb角gt;10°)。
1.3 統計學分析
應用SPSS 29.0軟件進行統計學分析。正態分布計量資料以±s表示,數據間比較采用t檢驗;非正態分布計量數據以M(P 25,P 75)或M(QR)表示,數據間比較采用Wilcoxon秩和檢驗;計數資料比較采用χ2檢驗。以Plt;0.05表示差異有統計學意義。
2 結" 果
2.1 再骨折病人的臨床特點
納入研究78例病人中,男9例,女69例;年齡61~91歲,平均(76.5±8.4)歲;新發骨折與手術時間間隔為術后1~144個月,平均12(32)月;骨折椎體楔變角范圍2.3°~22.8°,平均11.8°±5.6°;骨折局部后凸角為1.2°~42.7°,平均8.6°±6.7°;腰椎定量CT測量的骨密度為8.6~79.8 mg/cm 平均為(40.2±22.8)mg/cm3;胸腰段后凸角為4.5°~47.7°,平均19.8°±10.9°;病人的腰椎后凸角為20.5°~65.8°,平均41.6°±12.3°。OVCF病人PKP術后再骨折典型影像見圖2。
78例病人中63例未發生骨水泥泄露,15例發生骨水泥泄露,其中3例骨水泥泄露至椎間隙(2例泄露于上位椎間隙,1例泄露于下位椎間隙),6例骨水泥泄露至椎體側方,6例骨水泥泄露于椎體前方,所有骨水泥泄露病人均無神經癥狀。
2.2 鄰椎骨折組與非鄰椎骨折組臨床特點比較
本研究78例病人中,39例為鄰椎骨折,39例為非鄰椎骨折。鄰椎骨折組3月內再骨折發生率和6月內再骨折發生率均較非鄰椎骨折組更高(χ2=9.101、7.12 Plt;0.05);而兩組之間性別、骨水泥是否泄露、1年內再骨折發生率和是否存在冠狀位畸形等差異無顯著性(Pgt;0.05)。與非鄰椎骨折組比較,鄰椎骨折組新發骨折與手術時間間隔更短(Z=2.256,Plt;0.05),骨折局部后凸角更小(t=2.470,Plt;0.05);兩組年齡、胸腰段后凸角、腰椎后凸角、骨折椎體楔變角、腰椎定量CT骨密度值等差異無統計學意義(Pgt;0.05)。見表1、2。
3 討" 論
隨著我國步入老齡化社會,骨質疏松癥發病率逐年增加。據測算到2050年,我國將有超過2億人口罹患骨質疏松癥[14]。OVCF是骨質疏松癥最主要的并發癥之一,保守治療需要病人長期臥床,嚴重影響生活質量。PKP可以通過微創的方法有效緩解OVCF病人的疼痛,實現早期下地活動,提高病人生活質量。但術后再骨折、骨水泥泄露等問題也不可忽視,部分病人不得不再次進行手術治療。近年來越來越多的研究聚焦于PKP術后再骨折,但目前對PKP術后再骨折的研究大多數集中于鄰椎骨折,缺乏對非鄰椎骨折的研究以及兩組臨床特點的比較分析[15-19]。
本研究比較了PKP術后鄰椎骨折與非鄰椎骨折病人的特點,發現PKP術后鄰椎骨折與非鄰椎骨折再骨折的發生率相似。YE等[20]對33例PKP術后再骨折病人的分析顯示,15例病人發生鄰椎骨折,18例病人發生非鄰椎骨折。PARK等[21]回顧性分析了47例PKP術后再骨折病人,同樣發現鄰椎骨折與非鄰椎骨折發生率相似。提示非鄰椎骨折是PKP術后再骨折的重要亞型。但目前的研究多集中于PKP術后鄰椎骨折,需要重視PKP術后非鄰椎骨折現象。
本文結果顯示,鄰椎骨折的新發骨折與手術時間間隔更短。本研究進一步將新發骨折與手術時間間隔設定為3個月之內、6個月之內和1年之內,結果顯示3個月和6個月內鄰椎骨折的發生率大于非鄰椎骨折,而1年內兩組的再骨折發生率差異無顯著性。提示鄰椎骨折通常在PKP術后早期內(6個月內)發生,而非鄰椎骨折的再骨折時間間隔通常較長。PARK等[21]研究也顯示,鄰椎骨折的新發骨折與手術時間間隔遠短于非鄰椎骨折。
MATSUMOTO等[12]對22例發生鄰椎骨折病人分析發現,20例病人的新發骨折與手術時間間隔小于2個月,但該研究沒有對非鄰椎再骨折的病人進行分析。
本研究結果提示需要警惕術后短期內再發疼痛PKP病人有鄰椎骨折的可能。
綜上所述,本研究通過對PKP術后再骨折病人臨床特點分析發現,術后再骨折病人鄰椎骨折與非鄰椎骨折發生率相似,而鄰椎骨折更容易發生于術后早期;骨折局部后凸角小的病人更容易發生鄰椎骨折,這為PKP術后再骨折病人的治療提供了新的參考。但本研究仍有一定的局限性。首先,本研究為回顧性研究,相比于前瞻性研究可能會有一定偏倚;其次,缺乏無新發骨折病人作為對照。因此,本課題團隊未來將設計包括無新發骨折、鄰椎骨折和非鄰椎骨折的前瞻性研究以驗證本研究結果。
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(本文編輯 黃建鄉)