


閱讀理解最佳標題題考查學生對文章的主題、標題、中心思想的理解程度及辨別主要信息和次要信息的能力。
一、考情分析
解最佳標題題是中考英語閱讀理解中的必考題,此類題要求學生通過讀懂文章內(nèi)容并進行凝練概括,選擇最符合文章的一項,這對學生解讀語篇的能力和對選項特點分析能力有著較高的要求,往往出在文章最后一道題壓軸,是最容易丟分的題目之一。從近幾年的解最佳標題題選項命制可以看出,選項之間的迷惑性增大,干擾項會出現(xiàn)文章原詞,甚至出現(xiàn)主題詞,這極大地增加了選擇的難度。學生并不能通過對文意的大概印象解對題目,也絕不可能根據(jù)選項長度蒙對答案,而是要熟悉選項命制特點,避開邏輯陷阱才能穩(wěn)操勝券。
二、解題方法
(一)主題句法
文中一般沒有明顯的主題句,需要根據(jù)文中敘述的內(nèi)容和線索來概括文章大意。但是如果文章末段出現(xiàn)說理性的句子,則這個句子往往是主題句。
(二)關(guān)鍵詞法
全文中無明顯主題句時,我們可以利用文章中的關(guān)鍵詞。任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展開的,因此,有的文章中最明顯的特點之一是有一個反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞,即關(guān)鍵詞,也叫作主題詞。抓住了它,便容易抓住文章的中心。
(三)逆向思維法
在兩個選項看上去都十分正確無法選擇時,試著從選項出發(fā),想象一下如果自己以此選項來寫文章會有哪些內(nèi)容,然后把它與文章的內(nèi)容比較,逐一排除,縮小范圍,接近的即為正確選項。
三、文中主題句的位置
通常情況下主題句在文中處于比較明顯的位置:
1. 在說明文中,通常出現(xiàn)在開頭, 偶爾出現(xiàn)在結(jié)尾。
2. 在議論文中,通常出現(xiàn)在開頭或結(jié)尾。
3. 在記敘文中,通常出現(xiàn)在開頭、結(jié)尾或貫穿全文。
四、干擾項的特點及陷阱
(一)干擾項的特點
1. 概括范圍太窄,只含局部信息。
2. 概括范圍太寬,所表達的內(nèi)容超出或多于文章闡述的內(nèi)容。
3. 無關(guān)信息:文章中未提到或找不到語言依據(jù)的信息。
(二)干擾項的陷阱
1. 選擇的標題意義表述不清,不能準確概括文章中心思想 。
2. 命題者在出此類題時,往往利用生活常識編造干擾項。
3. 把文中的細節(jié)當主旨或利用局部信息編造干擾項。
4. 編制超出文章范圍的標題或不能涵蓋文章中心思想的標題來考查學生的理解程度。
考題精選:
Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals can’t talk, but can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Dishonesty often helps them survive (生存).
Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. A bird called the plover sometimes pretends (假裝) to be hurt in order to protect its young. When an enemy gets close to its nest, the plover pretends to have a broken wing. The enemy follows the “hurt” adult, leaving the baby birds safe.
Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries (埋) its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays also steal food. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when others are watching them. So they get back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else.
Chimpanzees can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimpanzee will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimpanzee puts out its hand, too, the chimpanzees are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimpanzee take the winner’s hand and start fighting again. When chimpanzees find food, it’s natural for them to cry out. Then other chimpanzees come running. But some clever chimpanzees learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimpanzees don’t hear them, and they don’t need to share the food.
What is the best title of the passage?
A. Do animals lie?
B. Honesty or dishonesty?
C. How do animals protect lives?
解析:最佳標題題。根據(jù)“Animals can’t talk, but can they lie with their bodies and behavior...Dishonesty often helps them survive(生存). ”以及對整篇文章的理解可知,本文科普了一些動物為了生存而撒謊的現(xiàn)象并舉例進行說明。A選項“動物說謊嗎”最適合做標題,故選A。