定語從句是初中的一個重要語法項目,近年來中考考查定語從句主要側重于引導定語從句的關系代詞that, who, whose, whom, which及關系副詞when, where, why等的用法。下面結合近年全國各地中考試題對定語從句的考查熱點作一梳理,希望對同學們復習迎考有點幫助。
[考點之一] 考查關系代詞的選用
[考點歸納] 引導定語從句的關系代詞有who, whom, which, whose, that。其中關系代詞who, whom用于人,在從句中分別作主語和賓語;which用于物,在從句中作介詞賓語或主語;whose在從句中作定語,可指人或物;that既可指人,也可指物,在從句中可作主語或賓語。
[體驗中考]
1. —Do you know Hong Zhanhui?
—Yes. He’s the college student ________ has moved Chinese people a lot. (2006年河南)
A. who B. which C. what D. whom
[解析] 選A。先行詞the college student表示人,在定語從句中作主語,關系代詞應用that或who,且不可省略。
2. The young lady ________ we met yesterday is our new maths teacher. (2005年天津)
A. what B. whose C. whomD. which
[解析] 選C。先行詞the young lady表示人,在定語從句中作賓語,關系代詞常用whom, that或who,且在多數情況下可省略。
3. Do you know the young lady ________ your mother is talking? (2005年黃石)
A. whoB. whom C. with whomD. which
[解析] 選C。先行詞the young lady表示人,在定語從句中作賓語,關系代詞應用that, who或whom,但who的前面不能有介詞,如果帶介詞,則必須用whom,即“介詞+whom”結構。
4. I’d like to tell you the table manners ________ you should know when you visit Korea. (2006年山西)
A. whichB. who C. what
[解析] 選A。先行詞the table manners表示物,在定語從句中作賓語,關系代詞應用that或which。
5. —Do you like the red car ________ is made in Tianjin?
—Sure, it looks terrific. (2006年大連)
A. where B. who C. whichD. when
[解析] 選C。先行詞the red car表示物,在定語從句中作主語,關系代詞應用that或which。
6. He is one of the experienced engineers in this factory________ hard work was repaid with the development of the factory. (2006年蘭州)
A. where B. whose C. in which D. that
[解析] 選B。先行詞不是factory而是engineers,表示人,且在定語從句中作定語,關系代詞應用whose。
7. Rosa likes music ________ is quiet and gentle. (2006年北京)
A. when B. that C. whereD. who
[解析] 選B。先行詞music表示物,在定語從句中作主語,關系代詞應用that或which。
8. My parents usually buy me some simple clothes ________ can last a long time. (2006年長春)
A. whoB. that C. whom D. whose
[解析] 選B。先行詞some simple clothes表示物,在定語從句中作主語,關系代詞應用that或which。
9. There are lots of things ________ I need to do before I leave tonight. (2006年漳州)
A. that B. who C. why D. what
[解析] 選A。先行詞things表示物,關系代詞在從句中作賓語,關系代詞應用that或which。
10. My necklace is not the only thing ________ is missing. (2004年黃岡)
A. thatB. / C. whichD. who
[解析] 選A。先行詞thing表示物,關系代詞在從句中作主語,關系代詞應用that或which。但是,當先行詞被the only, the last, the same, the very等詞修飾時,關系代詞只能用that。
[考點之二] 考查關系代詞的省略
[考點歸納] 關系代詞作賓語時,多可省略,但作主語時,不能省略。
[體驗中考]
The book ________ he bought yesterday is very interesting. (2006年河北)
A. 不填B. whyC. whenD. what
[解析] 選A。先行詞是the book,關系代詞應用that或which,又因為關系代詞在從句中作賓語,可以省略。
[考點之三] 考查關系副詞的選用
[考點歸納] 引導定語從句的關系副詞有when, where和why。其中when在定語從句中充當時間狀語,where充當地點狀語,why充當原因狀語。
[體驗中考]
This is the place ________the old man lived last year. (2006年貴州)
A. when B. whereC. that
[解析] 選B。先行詞the place是一個地點名詞,且在從句中作地點狀語。
綜上所述,選擇關系代詞與關系副詞的關鍵取決于關系詞在從句中所擔當的成分:如果關系詞在從句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語,只能用關系代詞;如果關系詞在從句中作時間、地點或原因狀語,則用關系副詞。