生態(tài)環(huán)保是王道

One

關(guān)注珍奇動(dòng)物，強(qiáng)調(diào)人與大自然的和諧，是生態(tài)環(huán)保類文章在命題上的主打題材。本文命題突出命題形式的多樣化，如推理題等。

It’s Not All Kangaroos Down There

People just naturally associate kangaroo，koala and fine beaches with Australia. Yes，you can find many fine sand beaches，white or brown，to enjoy the sunshine and seaside breeze. However，in Queensland，the eastern state of Australia，a night beach tour at this time of year may bring you a more exciting sight of the miracle of life: You can watch hatching baby turtles making their first steps in a natural environment.

On Mon Repos beach，about 14 kilometres east of the city of Bundaberg in Queensland，Australia，lies Mon Repos Conservation Park.

By day，Mon Repos beach is a sweeping bay of brown sand，a quiet spot for people to sunbathe，surf and fish.

By night，it’s home to the largest concentration of endangered marine turtles on the eastern Australian mainland. And the miracle of egg laying and hatching occurs from around mid-October to the end of April every year.

In order not to disturb the turtles，tourists have to follow the instruction of the guides.

But this may make the tour more like an adventure：Tourist are usually told to huddle close together，hold hands and walk close to the shoreline in the dark.

At the start of the season(October and November)，tourists can view turtles laying their eggs. Nature turtles first use all four flippers to dig a body pit in the sand and then lay eggs in it. It’s not uncommon for a turtle to lay more than 100 eggs at a time. And her mission isn’t done until she uses her flippers to flick sand and cover the nest.

If you go there at the end of the season(March to April)，you can see groups of hatchlings walk down to the water. It is an astonishing sight as the small creatures，barely two minutes old，race instinctively to the sea.

If they survive，the same hatchings will return in 50 years’ time to lay eggs on the very beach where they first emerged（出現(xiàn)）.

1. The first paragraph is intended to _________.

A. recommend the readers to have a holiday in Australia

B. give the readers an idea of the different sceneries of Australia

C. show that Australia has a variety of animals

D. draw the readers’ attention to the topic of this article

2. Which of the following is not true according to the passage?

A. A turtle can usually lay 100 eggs at a time.

B. It’s quite dangerous for the tourists to watch the turtles at night by the seashore.

C. Turtles usually lay eggs when they are 50 years of age.

D. If you go to the beach in October，you can see turtles lay eggs.

解題關(guān)鍵

文章第一段通過(guò)介紹大家熟悉的內(nèi)容以引起讀者的興趣，然后轉(zhuǎn)入本文中心的介紹，詳細(xì)敘述在澳大利亞海龜產(chǎn)卵、孵化等一系列生趣盎然的細(xì)節(jié)。理解本文的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)、理解作者的用意、準(zhǔn)確捕捉特定細(xì)節(jié)并根據(jù)文章所提供的信息進(jìn)行合理推理是做好本文的關(guān)鍵。

答案解析

1. D推理判斷題。文章先從人們所熟知的關(guān)于澳大利亞的情況入手，然后引出大家不熟悉的內(nèi)容，顯然是想引起讀者對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的重視。

2. B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章提到游客要聽(tīng)從導(dǎo)游的指揮，在晚上手挽著手到海邊看烏龜產(chǎn)卵非常“刺激”，但并非有危險(xiǎn)。

Two

關(guān)注珍奇動(dòng)物所面臨的威脅，喚起人們的保護(hù)意識(shí)，是高考生態(tài)環(huán)保類文章在選材上的又一傾向。本文在命題上突出命題形式的多樣化，特別注重對(duì)全文整體理解的考查以及題外內(nèi)容的推理。

“The noise made by boats of whale watching tourists may be causing communication problems for the animals，”British researchers said last week. Whale-watching is a popular tourist activity in places where groups of killer whales(虎鯨)live. Every day，dozens of boats filled with tourists go to watch the beautiful animals. Unfortunately，the engines of the boats make a lot of noise，and that may be causing problems for the whales，according to a report in the US science magazine Nature.

The whales travel in groups，and communicate with each other through sonic (聲波的)calls that some scientists refer to as singing. The sounds of the boat engines may be creating too much background noise for the whales to be able to hear each other.

The researchers listened to recordings of whale calls made between 15 and 25 years ago，before whale watching became popular. These were compared to more recent recordings.

They found that the animals have started to sing for longer than they used to，like a person shouting to a friend across a noisy room.

It is believed that the whales are trying to communicate hunting or breeding(繁殖)information. Scientists said that，if this is prevented，the future of the world’s whale population could be in danger.

“Animals become slow in mind and repeat themselves in noisy areas，”said Volker Deecke，a Canadian biologist.“They have to say things twice or three times in order to be understood.”

The killer whales studied were living off the coast of northwestern America. The number of killer whales in this area has been falling for several years，but scientists are not sure why.

1. The passage mainly tells us _______.

A. the problems of whale-watching

B. how killer whales communicate with each other

C. the reduced population of killer whales caused by whale-watching

D. hearing problems of the killer whales caused by whale-watching

2. Now in a noisy background，the killer whales have to _____.

A. sing in a louder voiceB. sing longer

C. travel in smaller groupsD. get nearer to each other

3. Scientists believe that killer whales sing to ______.

A. warn each other of dangersB. keep in the same group

C. send useful informationD. enjoy themselves

4. From the passage，we can feel that the author is _____.

A. angryB. hopefulC. worriedD. disappointed

解題關(guān)鍵

文章開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山點(diǎn)明主題：觀鯨船所產(chǎn)生的噪音對(duì)虎鯨交流造成了危害。然后介紹觀鯨旅游的盛行和虎鯨交流方式，兩者對(duì)照，觀點(diǎn)鮮明，論證充分。抓住本文的主題，準(zhǔn)確捕捉特定細(xì)節(jié)并根據(jù)文章所提供的信息進(jìn)行合理推理是做好本文所設(shè)問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵。文章的第一段對(duì)文章起著關(guān)鍵的定位作用，因此大家應(yīng)首先理解和把握好第一段的內(nèi)容。

答案解析

1. D主旨?xì)w納題。概括文章第一段可得出答案。觀鯨船的噪音給虎鯨的信息交流造成了麻煩。A項(xiàng)所涉范圍過(guò)大；B項(xiàng)僅僅是文章的細(xì)節(jié)；C項(xiàng)與原文信息不符，因?yàn)槲恼伦詈笳f(shuō)明虎鯨數(shù)量下降的原因不明。

2. B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第五段說(shuō)明，因?yàn)槭茉胍舾蓴_，現(xiàn)在虎鯨“唱”的時(shí)間比原來(lái)長(zhǎng)。

3. C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章倒數(shù)第三段有說(shuō)明，虎鯨的“唱歌”是為了交流捕食或繁殖信息。

4. C推理判斷題。文章介紹觀鯨船的噪音給虎鯨的交流造成了困難，從文章最后的敘述看，虎鯨數(shù)量在下降，而科學(xué)家也不明白其中原因，因此顯然作者對(duì)虎鯨的生存狀況感到“擔(dān)憂”。

練習(xí)吧

(excerpt from Habitat Extension Bulletin distributed by the Wyoming Game and Fish Department)

Riparian vegetation [the green band of vegetation along a watercourse] can help stabilize stream banks; filter sediment from surface runoff; and provide wildlife habitat，livestock forage，and scenic value. Well-developed vegetation also allows bank soils to absorb extra water during spring runoff，releasing it later during drier months，thus improving late-summer stream flows.

In many parts of the arid West，trees and shrubs are found only in riparian areas. Woody plants are very important as winter cover for many wildlife species，including upland game birds such as pheasants and turkeys. Often this winter cover is the greatest single factor limiting game bird populations. Woody vegetation also provides hiding cover and browse for many other species of birds and mammals，both game and nongame.

Dead trees(“snags”)are an integral part of streamside habitats and should be left standing whenever possible. Woodpeckers，nuthatches，brown creepers，and other birds eat the insects that decompose the wood. These insects usually pose no threat to nearby living trees. Occasionally a disease organism or misuse of pesticides will weaken or kill a stand of trees. If several trees in a small area begin to die，contact your local extension agent immediately.

1. What is the effect of the word choice“riparian”?

a. It gives the article an authoritative，scientific tone.

b. It causes confusion，since both streams and rivers could be viewed as riparian.

c. It seems condescending，as if the author was stooping to teach readers.

d. It misleads readers into thinking they are getting scientific information when they are not.

2. By listing the specific birds that live in riparian areas，the author conveys a sense of.

a. urgency on behalf of endangered species

b. the rich and varied life in such areas

c. his or her own importance as a scientific expert

d. poetic wonder over the variety found in nature

3. Assume that the author has done some other writing on this topic for a different audience. The other piece begins:“Remember the last time you walked along a stream? No doubt thick vegetation prevented easy progress.”What is the likely effect on the reader of this opening?

a. An aroused interest，due to the reference to the reader’s personal experience.

b. Resentment，due to being addressed so personally.

c. Loss of interest，because the opening line makes no attempt to draw the reader in.

d. Confusion，because not every reader has walked along a stream.

4. The main subject of the second paragraph of this passage is.

a. the types of birds that live in riparian areas

b. the effect of winter cover on water purity

c. the role of trees and shrubs in riparian areas

d. how winter cover affects game bird populations

5. Overall， the assertions of this passage seem to be based on.

a. rash opinion with little observation behind it

b. deeply held emotional convictions

c. fact derived from scientific literature

d. inconclusive evidence gathered in field studies

6. What does the word“arid”accomplish in the first sentence of the second paragraph?

a. It provides a sense of the generally high altitude of the West.

b. It signifies a change in subject from the Eastern United States to the West.

c. It clarifies the author’s purpose to discuss nonurban areas.

d. It clarifies the reason that trees and shrubs are found only in riparian areas.

Keys:

1.a2. b3. a4. c5. c6. d

最后來(lái)看一篇書面表達(dá)。

目前環(huán)境遭到嚴(yán)重破壞，請(qǐng)寫一封信呼吁大家保護(hù)環(huán)境。

A Letter of Appeal

Over the past years，we have witnessed destructions of various kinds caused by human actions. As a university student，write a letter to our society to

①enumerate present severe condition，

②state the necessity of social concern，and

③suggest the counter-measures.

To everyone on our planet，

Over the past years，floods，droughts，landslides，and dust-storms have frequented our planet，the only habitat of human beings. Several days ago，tsunami(海嘯)has swept the Southeast Asia，which has caused enormous damage. All these have sounded an alarm to human beings.

The destruction which is caused by human beings has aroused people’s concern all over the world. If we pay no heed to the present destructive human activities，our planet will become of tomb instead of cozy home. What’s more，we should realize that only from our planet can we obtain our sheltering，food，cloth and so forth.

Counter-measures must be taken to curb the destruction caused by human beings. Most importantly，laws must be established to punish those who are involved in destructive conducts.

Sincerely Yours

Li Ming

編輯/孫櫟櫟