基礎寫作訓練“五步曲”

基礎寫作主要考查考生是否具備了基本的語言表達能力和基本的寫作技巧。其主要命題形式有三類：文字類、表格類和圖畫類。如果我們針對基礎寫作題的特點進行有效的訓練，就可以迅速掌握寫作技巧，著實提高得分率。下面結合實例談談筆者在教學過程中使用的“五步曲”訓練法。

寫作材料

下面五幅圖描述了李先生的遭遇。

[寫作內容]

根據以上圖畫，寫一篇短文。

[寫作要求]

只能使用5個句子表達圖畫的全部內容。

訓練方法

第一步：仔細審題

1． 看清題目要求，確定標題：A Beggar

2. 確定文體：記敘文

3． 確定主體時態：一般過去時

4． 確定寫作要點：要點為圖畫中的所有內容

第二步：列出提綱

所需詞匯：beggar， stretch， disabled， walking stick， ask for， in a hurry， pay no attention to， go on one’s way， by accident， take an action， jump up， run after等。

選擇句型：such... that， so... that...

列舉要點：可按圖畫順序簡單地排列要點

1. a beggar was on the roadside; Mr. Li was on his way

2. the beggar stretched his walking stick

3. Mr. Li looked for some change

4. a 100-yuan note was blown into the air

5. the beggar jumped up and ran after the note

第三步：組合信息點，連句成文

如果文章內容簡單，我們就可以把相關的信息點組合成一個句子，然后把要點補充完整，有時適當使用連詞即可成文。在將句子補充完整時，一定要時刻樹立主謂意識。如果文章信息點較多，句子較為復雜，則應先用幾個簡單句來表達，然后再合并成一個句子。

圖畫1：

A beggar asked for money on the roadside.

Mr. Li was in a hurry on his way to going for work.

He paid no attention to the beggar.

圖畫2：

The beggar stretched his walking stick.

The walking stick made Mr. Li nearly fall to the ground.

圖畫3：

Mr. Li realized he was a disabled person.

He began to look for some change in his pocket.

圖畫4:

He took out a 100-yuan note by accident.

The note was blown into the air.

圖畫5:

The beggar jumped up quickly to run after the note.

He was so surprised.

He stood there .

He opened his mouth.

然后再將相關的簡單句進行合并，合并句子的方法有：

1. 用連詞。合并成復合句或并列句。

如，圖1的三個句子可合并為：

One day，when Mr. Li was in a hurry on his way to going for work， a beggar was asking for money on the roadside but he paid no attention to the beggar.

又如，圖2的兩個句子可合并為：

The beggar got angry and stretched his walking stick， which made Mr. Li nearly fall to the ground.

2. 用非謂語動詞短語。如圖3的兩句可合并為：

Realizing he was a disabled person， Mr. Li began to look for some change in his pocket.

3. 用with的復合結構。如圖5的四個句子可合并為：

The beggar jumped up quickly to run after the note， which made Mr. Li so surprised that he stood there with his mouth open.

第四步：修改

修改時應做到六看：

看體裁和格式是否正確；

看要點是否齊全；

看主謂是否一致；

看人稱是否一致；

看時態是否一致；

看句子結構是否完整。

第五步：認真謄寫，再次檢查

修改完之后，要認真謄寫，特別注意書寫規范、整潔。謄寫完之后，還要再次快速檢查一遍，看有沒有單詞拼寫錯誤、標點符號錯誤及大小寫錯誤，特別是那些由于筆誤而導致的錯誤要及時修正。最后，可定稿為：

A beggar

One day， when Mr. Li was in a hurry on his way to going for work， a beggar was asking for money on the roadside but he paid no attention to the beggar. So the beggar got angry and stretched his walking stick， which made Mr. Li nearly fall to the ground. Realizing he was a disabled person， Mr. Li began to look for some change in his pocket. He took out a 100-yuan note by accident and the note was blown into the air. Seeing this， the beggar jumped up quickly to run after the note， which made Mr. Li so surprised that he stood there with his mouth open.

實戰演練

假如你是李明，是某校的生活部長，你組織了一次全校性的問卷調查，以了解一學期來學生的開支情況，以下是調查數據：

[寫作內容]

請你根據上面圖表所提供的信息，用英語寫一封信給某雜志社，內容包括：

1. 調查時間、調查問題及調查對象；

2. 男女生主要開支的項目;

3. 男女生在交友方面開支的差異;

4. 書籍開支在男女生方面的排序差異;

5. 你對這一結果的看法。

參考詞匯：文具：stationery; 零食：snack

[寫作要求]

1. 只能使用5個句子表達全部內容。

2. 開頭與結尾已給出。

Dear editor，

Yours，

Li Ming

參考范文：

Dear editor，

We have done a survey on their expense among the students in our school recently. As is shown in the graph， both boys and girls have spent most of their money on snacks， entertainments and making friends. As for making friends， the money that boys have spent is twice than that of girls. But books rank the last for both boys and girls. In my opinion， their money should be saved for books rather than spent on snacks or entertainments.

Yours，

Li Ming

責任編校 蔣小青

注：“本文中所涉及到的圖表、注解、公式等內容請以PDF格式閱讀原文。”