２００８年高考英語基礎寫作指導（ＩＩＩ）

第三講 如何寫圖表類說明文

一、寫作指導

圖表類作文一直是高考的熱點，其體裁可以是記敘文、議論文或說明文。本篇介紹如何備考圖表類說明文。

圖表類說明文要求根據圖示、表格等所給的信息，通過定義、描述、數字對比和分類比較等方式，介紹圖表所顯示對象的特征，如形狀、構造、性質、變化、功能、因果和方位等。圖表類說明文常見的話題有：產品介紹、地點描述、方位描寫、觀點對比、變化分析、購物指南和操作說明等。寫作這類文章需注意以下幾點：

1． 正確解讀表格，不能添加或遺漏信息。

2． 寫作內容要條理清楚，層次分明。說明科技方面的內容常用定義法、比較對比法、分類法和因果法等；說明自然環境方面的內容常用時空次序法與分類法等。

3． 說明文的語言要簡練，用詞要準確，避免夸張華麗的辭藻。

4． 時態常用一般現在時，語態常用被動語態，有時用虛擬語氣。

二、常用句型

1. 介紹產品

The company has modern equipment and lots of senior experts.

This kind of product contains much top and new technique.

It’s convenient to carry and easy to operate.

It’s about six feet long and nine feet high.

It cost me 100 yuan to buy this dictionary.

2. 介紹學校

There were many subjects in our school， such as Chinese， history， drawing and so forth.

Our school is located at the foot of a green hill.

In the middle of the flower bed there is a fountain with many colored flowers around it.

In front of the school is a beautiful garden with a library on its left and a laboratory on its right.

At the back of the school are the students’ dormitory and the dinning-hall， in front of which lies the large sports field.

The teacher’s dormitory stands between the teaching building and the students’ dormitory.

3． 行路指引

It is not very difficult to find your way from the Dongfang Hotel to the railway station.

When you get out of the station， turn left and walk down the street until you see the traffic lights.

Turn right at the third turning， and you will see a post office at the corner.

Go eastward and you will see the museum opposite to the library.

Bus No.2 will take you right there.

It will take you about 10 minutes to get there by subway.

4． 介紹地方

Tiananmen Square， the largest square in the world， covers an area of one million square metres.

Guangzhou， the capital of Guangdong Province， lies in the south of China.

It has an area of 10，000 square kilometers with a population of over 2 million.

It is rich in natural sources， such as coal， oil and gold.

The weather is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer.

Built in the18th century， the tower has witnessed too much coming and going in history.

5． 新舊對比

Our hometown used to be a beautiful place， with thick trees and green grass everywhere.

Nowadays some students cannot go to college because of high tuition fees.

Great changes have taken place in the past few years.

It is known to us all that the living standard of the Chinese people has greatly improved.

In the last decades， advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.

These days， people in growing numbers are beginning to complain that work is more stressful and less leisurely than in the past.

6． 數量表達

Output is up 30% last year.

Unemployment more than doubled in 1996.

The population here is increasing year by year.

According to a recent survey， four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.

From the table we can see that the world population is increasing rapidly.

The latest survey shows that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.

An investigation shows that many emigrants think that working at city provides them with not only a higher salary but also the opportunity of learning new skills.

Statistics show a 20% rise (reduction) in traffic accidents compared with last year.

Bicycle can’t be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort.

三、實例分析

【例文1】父母為子女選擇小學的情況調查

最近學校研究性學習小組對3000多名年輕的父母做了一個調查，調查主題、結果等內容如下表所示，請用英文給校英文廣播站寫一篇簡介，介紹調查的情況。

寫作要求：

1． 簡介必須包括圖表所給的全部內容；

2． 只能使用5個句子。

參考范文：

Recently a survey was done to investigate what parents care most in choosing primary schools. The survey shows that location is the key factor in choosing schools for their children—half of those interviewed said that being close to their homes was the most important factor in their choice.

Teaching quality came second， with nearly 40% of the parents worrying about their children’s future career. The survey also shows that one-tenth of them expect that schools have advanced facilities.

More than 3，000 parents were surveyed in the research.

【例文 2】樓盤介紹

假設暑假你到某樓盤打工，正好有幾名外國客人想買一套公寓樓，公寓樓及其周邊的一些基本信息如下。請書面用英文向這幾位客人介紹一下這套公寓樓。

寫作要求：

1． 簡介必須包括圖表所給的全部內容；

2． 只能使用5個句子。

3． 參考詞匯：公寓樓 apartment 公寓單間 flat

參考范文：

The flat has 110 square metres， with one sitting-room， three bedrooms， one bathroom and one kitchen. Facing south， it is quite bright in the rooms at daytime. Not far away from the apartment there is a supermarket， a clinic， a kindergarten and a bus-stop. The bus can access the subway

directly. The price for the flat is about 6000RMB per square metre.

四、即時訓練

【練習1】簡介我國高等教育的發展情況

假設你在政府部門見習，請根據以下圖標的信息，向幾位到訪外國客人詢問你所在城市的教育發Z展情況。

寫作要求：

1． 簡介必須包括圖標所給的全部內容；

2． 只能使用5個句子。

3． 參考詞匯：打基礎 lay foundation

改革開放 reform and opening up

【練習2】中學生使用媒體情況調查

假設你參加了一個網上國際中學生調查項目，調查13－20歲的年青人每周使用媒體的時間情況。請根據下面的圖表信息，用英文寫一篇簡介。

寫作要求：

1． 簡介必須包括圖標所給的全部內容；

2． 只能使用5個句子。

參考范文

練習1

As we can see from the chart， our city’s education is developing very fast. There were only about one thousand students when New China was founded in 1949， and ten thousand in 1978， while the number reached eighty thousand in 2007.

Several factors have contributed to the quick development. Firstly， the rapid economic development in our city， especially during the thirty years of reform and opening up， has laid a sound foundation. Secondly， the government has been trying hard to encourage the development of education， and thirdly， most people have begun to realize the importance of education.

練習2

Recently we did a surway about media consumption by teens and young adults in their spare time. According to the research， teens and young adults consume many different types of media， but the Internet surpasses them all in the amount of time spent. Most of the students spend ten hours in an average week， and watching TV comes second， with five hours. The other ways of time spent are as follows: four hours reading newspapers and magazines， three hours talking on the phone and two hours listening to the radio. It’s a pity that they only spend one hour in reviewing textbooks in their free time.

責任編校 蔣小青