ｄｏｉｎｇ短語作狀語

doing短語在句中作狀語時，句子的主語與doing是主動關系，與謂語動作幾乎同時發生。

一、表示時間?？蛇€原為含主動語態的時間狀語從句。例：

1．Crossing theroad，the old man wasknocked over by a car.

When he wascrossing the road， theold man was knockedover by a car.

2．Having fin-ished the homework，he went for a walk.

After he hadfinished the homework，he went for awalk.

說明：如果動作先于謂語動作發生，則用完成式：having done。

二、表示條件?？蛇€原為含主動語態的條件狀語從句。例：

1．Working hard，you will be able topass the exam

If you workhard， you will be ableto pass the exam.

Work hard and you will be able topass the exam.

2．Turning left， you will find the school.

If you turn left， you will find theschool.

Turn left and you will find the school.

3．Once starting reading the book， youwill surely love it.

Once you start reading the book， youwill surely love it.

三、表示讓步，可還原為含主動語態的讓步狀語從句。例：

Working hard， she failed the final ex-ams.

Although she worked hard， shefailed the final exams.

注意：當doing形式表示時間、條件或讓步意義時，可以跟在after/before/since/when/while/whenever/once/until/on/although等詞之后，使意義更加明確。

四、表示原因，可還原為含主動語態或系表結構的原因狀語從句。例：

1．Not knowing English， he couldn'tunderstand the movie.

Because he didn't know English， hecouldn't understand the movie.

2．Being ill， she had to stay at h~me in-stead of going to school.

As she was ill， she had to stay at homeinstead of going to school.

3．Being students， we should study hard.

As we are students， we should studyhard.

五、表示結果，相當于which引導的非限制性定語從句，此時，which的意思是“這一點”或相當于and引導的并列句。例：

1．His parents died， leaving him alonein the world.

His parents died， which left him a-lone in the world.

2．It snowed heavily， causing traffic prob-lems.

It snowed heavily， which caused trafficproblems.

3．The bomb exploded on the train， killingabout 150 passengers.

The bomb exploded on the train andkilled about 150 passengers.

六、表示伴隨狀況或方式，相當于并列句，doing是與謂語動作同時發生的一個動作。例：

1．They went home， talking about theirschool life all the way.

They went home and talked abouttheir school life all the way.

2．Six children sat at the gate， beggingfor money.

Six children sat at the gate and beggedfor money.

3．Farmers can make good money grow-ing crops.

Farmers can make good money bygrowing crops.

4．Agricultural scientists grow vegeta-bles in gardens， using the latest teehnolo-gies.

Agricultural scientists grow vegeta-bles in gardens hy using the latest technolo-gies.

七、有些doing短語已經當成固定的插入語使用。常見的有：

generally/frankly/roughly speaking(一般說來/坦白說/粗略地說)

considering...(鑒于/考慮到……)

judging by/from...(從……來看，依據……來判斷)

supposing/suppose that...(假定……)

providing that...(假定……)

according tn...(依據……)

including...(包括……)

owing to...(由于……)

talking/speaking of...(談及……)

注意：

1．doing的執行者是句子的主語，doing與謂語動作幾乎同時發生。

2．doing的否定是在doing前加not；完成式是having done，表示動作發生在謂語動作之前，其否定是在having done之前加not。

3．doing短語相當于狀語從句，不需也不能用but，and，so等連詞引導。

[鞏固練習]

1．____the letter， he went out to post

it.

A．Writing B．Being written

C．Having written D．Written

2．____anything about the accident， he

went to work as usual.

A．Not known B．Known not

C．Knowing not D．Not knowing

3．The secretary worked late into the night，____a long speech for the president.

A．to prepare B．preparing

C．prepared D．was preparing

4．____a reply， he decided to write a-gain

A．Not receiving

B．Receiving not

C．Not having received

D．Having not received

5．“Can't you read?” Mary said angrily，____to the notice.

A．pointing B.and point

C．and pointing D．pointed

6．The visiting Minister expressed his satis-faction with the talks，____that hehad enjoyed his stay here.

A．having added B．to add

C．adding D．added

7．____such heavy pollution already， itmay now be too late to clean up the river.

A．Suffering B．To suffer

C．Having suffered D．Suffered

8．\"We can't go out in this weather，\" saidBob，____out of the window.

A．looking B．to look

C．looked D．looks

9．Alice returned from the manager's office，____me that the boss wanted to seeme at once.

A．having told B．tells

C．to tell D．telling

10．____the programme， they have tostay there for another two weeks.

A．Not completing

B．Not completed

C．Not having completed

D．Having not completed

11．She asked me to help her，____thatshe couldn't move the heavy suitcase a-lone.

A．only to realize B．realizing

C．having been realized D．realized

12．He sent me an e-mail，____to getfurther information.

A．hoped B．hoping

C．to hope D．hope

13．____from heart trouble for years，Professor White has to take some medi-cine with him wherever he goes.

A．Suffered B．Suffering

C．Having suffered D．Being suffered

14．Suddenly， a tall man driving a goldencarriage____the girl and took her a-way，____into the woods.

A．seizing; disappeared

B．seized; disappeared

C．seizing; disappearing

D．seized; disappearing

15．____in the queue for half an hour，Tom suddenly realized that he had lefthis wallet at home.

A．To wait B．Have waited

C．Having waited D．To have waited

Keys: 1—5 CDBCA 6—10 CCADC 11—15 BBCDC