解讀２００７年山東考卷閱讀表達(dá)題歸納解題思路和應(yīng)試策略

閱讀表達(dá)是山東省高考自主命題的一種新的高考題型，該題型重在考查考生的實際語言技能和綜合語言運(yùn)用能力，是一道主觀題，能更好的體現(xiàn)新課標(biāo)精神，使學(xué)生能夠展示個性發(fā)展和思維的多樣性與開放性，該題型是閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)題的結(jié)合，既考查學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力，又考查考生運(yùn)用自己的語言來準(zhǔn)確的表達(dá)自己的思想，即用自己語言來概括，替換表達(dá)，以及在理解的基礎(chǔ)上語言的翻譯能力等等。閱讀表達(dá)題通常是一篇不少于200詞的短文，包括5種不同類型的題目，考生要在仔細(xì)閱讀短文、透徹理解內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上，從中獲得必要的信息，靈活解答問題。

閱讀表達(dá)題試圖從多個角度和方位考查考生對文章內(nèi)容的理解以及考生本人對相關(guān)問題的看法，問題類型多樣，但每個題型都有各自的解題思路和答題技巧。現(xiàn)筆者結(jié)合07年山東卷閱讀表達(dá)題來簡要歸納其答題技巧，總結(jié)應(yīng)試策略。

閱讀表達(dá)題的題型設(shè)置以及問題的呈現(xiàn)形式：（見表格）

【2007年高考山東卷】

An American friend of mine who was high up in a big corporation had worked out a way of heading a good of e-mails before most of us had， even heard of the concept. If any information he was sent was vital enough， his back of response would ensure the sender rang him up， if the sender wasn’t important enough to have his private numbers the communication couldn’t be that important.My friend is now even more senior in the same company ，so the strategy must work.

Almost every week now there seems to be a report suggesting that we are all being driven crazy by the bother of e-mail.If this is the case， it’s only because we haven’t developed an appropriate discrimination in dealing with it.

________.Firstly. You junk anything with an exclamation on a string of capital letters， or from my address， you don’t recognize or feel confident about.

Secondly，e-mails don’t all have to be answered. Because e-mailing is so easy， there’s a tendency for correspondence to carry on for ever， but it is permissible to stop an endless discussion or to accept a point of information sent by a colleague without acknowledging it.

Thirdly ，a reply e-mail doesn’t have to be the same length as the original . We all have e-mail pals who send long，chatty e-mails， which are nice to receive， but who then expect an equally long reply . The chart of e-mail can consist in the single， incomplete sentence， totally regardless of the format of the letter sent by post . You are perfectly within the bounds of politeness in responding to a marathon e-mail with a brief reply.

76.Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?

The possible existance of annoyance results from our inability to sort out e-mails.

77.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with a proper sentence.(within 10 words)

78.What advice is given in the last paragraph? (within 10 words)

79.For what purpose does the author mention his American friend in Paragraph 1 ?(within 10 words)

80.Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese.

【答案及解析】

76.答案: If this is the case ，it’s only because we haven’t developed an appropriate discrimination in dealing with it.

解析：該題是一道句意替代題。考生首先要弄清楚本題中所提供的句子的意思，在原文中找出與之意思相當(dāng)?shù)木渥樱蝗缓螅页鰞删渲性谝馑忌夏軌驅(qū)?yīng)的表達(dá)，如：“the possible existance”和“if this is the case”對應(yīng)，“result from”和“because”對應(yīng)，“inablility”和“not an appropriate discrimination”對應(yīng)等等，最后從文中找出了答案為：If this is the case ，it’s only because we haven’t developed an appropriate discrimination in dealing with it.

★溫馨提示：①該題簡單，盡可能抓住這道題，不能丟分。②做該題時，應(yīng)盡可能地利用生詞所在的上下文來猜測詞義，即用我們所熟悉的詞或短語和上下文中的已知部分進(jìn)行邏輯的推理。

77.答案：E-mails can be handled in the following ways./ Here are the ways to deal with e-mails./ Handling e-mails is an art.

解析：該題是一道句子填空題。結(jié)合上下文內(nèi)容，我們不難看出下文中提到的“firstly……，secondly…..， thirdly…..”是在列舉the ways to deal with e-mails，由此我們得出空缺處的句子應(yīng)當(dāng)填E-mails can be handled in the following ways.或Here are the ways to deal with e-mails.或Handling e-mails is an art.

★溫馨提示：①一定要弄清楚上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，如遞進(jìn)、并列、對比、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果等。②理順關(guān)系，檢查一下，是否通順，能否恢復(fù)文章作者原本想表達(dá)的思想內(nèi)容和意圖。

78.答案：You may reply to a long e-mail briefly./ You don’t have to write a long reply e-mail.

解析：該題是一封閉性問題，考生能根據(jù)短文的最后一段來尋找答案，依據(jù)第一句話a reply e-mail doesn’t have to be the same length as the original，可以推出答案。

★溫馨提示：考生要對提出的問題進(jìn)行仔細(xì)閱讀，找出問題與原文信息的關(guān)系，確定回答問題的方向，理順答題的思路，組織語言材料，在規(guī)定的字?jǐn)?shù)要求內(nèi)，用簡練的語言來表達(dá)。

79.答案：To show a way of handling e-mails with an example./ To introduce the topic of the text.

解析:該題是一道主旨概括題。一篇文章的中心思想一般能在文章的主題句中得到體現(xiàn)，而主題句的位置通常位于三個地方：段落的開頭，段落的中間以及結(jié)尾。該篇文章的主旨在文章開始第一句話就呈現(xiàn)出來了。

★溫馨提示：①要迅速的剔除文章中的細(xì)節(jié)事實或作者所使用的論據(jù)，找各段的主題句，然后進(jìn)行歸納、概括和總結(jié)，即分清主旨和細(xì)節(jié)。②概括出來的中心意思一定要能夠覆蓋全文或整個段落，絕不可離題太遠(yuǎn)，太籠統(tǒng)或者只概括一段或幾句話的意思，即以偏概全。③注意文章標(biāo)題格式，可以是完整的句子，也可以是簡潔的短語，也可以用問題的形式，同時要注意字?jǐn)?shù)要求。

80.答案：用簡短的話回復(fù)冗長的電子郵件完全不失禮節(jié)。/用簡短的話回復(fù)馬拉松式的電子郵件也是禮貌的。解析：該題是一道翻譯句子題。考生首先要明確每個詞和短語的準(zhǔn)確意思，如：“in responding to”是“回復(fù)”的意思，明確無誤后，按照漢語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣得出答案。

★溫馨提示：①把握好文章的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和表達(dá)方式，充分、全面理解，譯文要忠于原文。②要結(jié)合原文文體和句子所在的情境進(jìn)行翻譯，語氣、措辭等要符合文體特點和漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣。③文字要清楚、規(guī)范、簡練，書寫要工整，卷面要整潔。