優秀的導語不僅能震攝學生的心靈,而且能激起學生思維的漣漪。可以說,一堂好課的開頭,是整節課精華的濃縮,是定向的航標,是戰斗前的埋伏,是交響樂中的前奏曲。
一、情感導入
情感導入,主要以情感為手段,巧妙地組織教學內容,充分調動情感因素,發揮情感的激勵功能,引發學生強烈的學習動機。
例如,教學牛津8 Anit 3 Reading“Around the world in a day”一課時,先與學生一起復習外國的一些地名。如the White House in America,the Eiffel Tow-er in France,the Golden Gate Bridge in London等。然后問學生Have you ever traveled to these places?學生都搖頭“No”。接著問Would you like to visit these places?學生異口同聲回答“Yes”。此時,學生心里充滿了好奇。于是,順理成章地導入新課:Today I will take you to travel around the world and you’ll visit these intere sting places in a day. Now Let’s go to the world park in Beijing.這樣,整節課學生如同經歷了一次旅游。從而,引發了學生的情感體驗,產生了強烈的學習動機。
二、插圖導入
教師要通過對插圖的描述、師生的互動,逐步引入話題,讓學生適度了解話題內容。從而,引導學生潛心閱讀課文,捕捉新鮮的語言信息。
如,初中英語第三冊第八單元Lesson29筆者利用插圖,曾作以下導入:
T:Who is he?
S:He is Father Christmas.
T:In which fes tival is there Father Christmas?
S:Christmas Day.
T:Can you say something about Father Christmas?
S:ok. On Christmas Eve, when the children go to sleep,he will come and give presents to them.
T:Yes, he gives presents to children. But have you thought about that? Where does he come from? What presents does be give to children? Has anyone seen him? Is there Father Christmas in the world ? Do you want to know that ? Let’s go through the text together. Then we know all about that.
三、問題導入
問題導入,是一種“激疑”藝術,在教學某一節內容伊始,為了說明新知的作用,激起學習的情趣,可以通過問題情境,誘發學生急于解惑的心態,引起強烈的學習動因。
如,筆者曾在講授初中英語第二冊第三單元Lesson 11 課時,設計了以下問題:
——When you talk about the universe, what do you mean?
——Can you say something about the moon?
——Why the stars are smaller than the moon?
——Why can’t animals and plants live there?
——Which has the man traveled to, the moon or the sun?
——Does Earth go round the sun or the sun goes
——How do people send and receive messages?
設疑要選擇教學內容的關鍵所在,并非要處處設疑。在激疑的過程中,要收放自如,開合有度,才能體現教學的目的性,加強教學的針對性,凸現教學的梯度性。
又如,在講授The T iger and the monkey 的閱讀課時,設計如下問題:
Which do you like better,the tiger or monkey?
Who was clever,the tiger or the monkey?
Was there another tiger in the forest?
Why did the monkey laugh at last?
以問題導入,既為學生感知文本起到穿針引線的作用,又為學生攻克難點埋下了伏線。
四、語點導入
如,初中英語第三冊第八單元Lesson 31,有兩個語點是“SO+倒裝結構”和“Neither/Nor+倒裝結構”。筆者在上復習課時曾經這樣導入:
(1):T:Where were you last weekend?
S(A):I was at home.
T:What about you?
S(B) :I was at home,too.
T:A was at home.So was B.
(2) :T:Do you like singing?
S(A) :Yes,I do.
T:What about you?
S(B) :Yes,I do.
T:A likes singing. So does B.
(3) :T:Have you ever been to Beijing?
S:No, never.
T:Neither/Ner have I.
這樣導入,不僅復習了“SO+倒裝結構”這個語點知識,而且水到渠成地引出“Neither/Nor+倒裝結構”的語點知識。從而,學生溫故而知新,使枯燥的復習課變得生機盎然。
當然,英語課堂教學中的導入方法還不止以上這些。總之,選擇哪一種方法導入新課,要因文而異,因地制宜,相時而動。導課不是作秀,而是師生間的默契,是知識點的引爆,是情感點的觸發,是思維點的鏈接。
責任編輯 王波