張默默
英語中的幾種時(shí)態(tài)在一定情況下可以互相轉(zhuǎn)換,以下是一些常見的轉(zhuǎn)換形式:
一、一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換
進(jìn)行一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí),要特別注意動(dòng)詞的使用。在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中,延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用,瞬間動(dòng)詞卻不能。
轉(zhuǎn)換前:瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“一段時(shí)間+ago”的一般過去時(shí)的句型中。如:
He joined the League two years ago.
轉(zhuǎn)換后:①瞬間動(dòng)詞可改成與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞及短語,與一段時(shí)間連用。如:
He has been in the League for two years.
②瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“It is+一段時(shí)間+since+一般過去時(shí)”的句型中,表示“自從……以來有……時(shí)間”的意思,主句一般用It is來代替It has been。如:
It is two years since he joined the League.
③瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“時(shí)間+ has passed+ since+一般過去時(shí)”的句型中。如:
Two years has passed since he joined the League.
二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換
在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中,at加上名詞表示“處于某種狀態(tài)”,如at work(在工作),at school(上學(xué)、上課)等。此短語可與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換。如:
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般將來時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換
在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中g(shù)o, come, leave, start, arrive等動(dòng)詞常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用,表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如:I am coming, Mum! 意為“我就來,媽媽!”又如:
The train is leaving soon.
The train will leave soon.
四、“be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”與“will (shall)+
動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換
“be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示打算、計(jì)劃要做的事;將來時(shí)“will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)在書面語中,當(dāng)主語為第一人稱時(shí),常用助動(dòng)詞shall。在口語中,所有人稱都可以用will。如:
We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday.