直接引語與間接引語

由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語，分以下情況：

1． 直接引語是陳述句時(shí)

間接引語為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（口語中that可以省略），主句的引述動(dòng)詞主要有say, tell, repeat, explain, think等。

He said, “You are younger than I.”→He said(that) I was younger than him.

2.直接引語是疑問句時(shí)

間接引語為陳述語序：主句的謂語動(dòng)詞say改為ask,或改為wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。

（1）一般疑問句或反意疑問句變?yōu)閕f (whether)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。

She said, “Do you often come here to read newspapers?”

→She asked me if (或whether) I often went there to read newspapers.

（2）選擇疑問句變?yōu)閣hether…/or賓語從句。

I asked him, “Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?”

→I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.

(3)特殊疑問句變?yōu)橛稍瓉淼囊蓡栐~引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。

He asked, “Where do you live?” →He asked me where I lived.

3.直接引語是祈使句時(shí)

間接引語為不定式，作ask, tell, beg, order, warn, advise等動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語（dont變?yōu)閚ot）。

The teacher said to the boy, “Open the window.”→The teacher told the boy to open the window.

His father said to him, “Dont leave the door open.”→His father told him not to leave the door open.

[注意]

（1）有些表示建議、提議、勸告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest, insist等動(dòng)詞加以轉(zhuǎn)述。例如：

He said, “Lets go to the theatre.”

→He suggested(our) going to the theatre.或He suggested that we(should) go to the theatre.

(2)“Would you mind opening the window?” he asked.

→He asked me to open the window.

“Why dont you take a walk after supper?” he asked.

→He advised me to take a walk after supper.

4.直接引語是感嘆句時(shí)

間接引語為what 或how 引導(dǎo)，也可以用that 引導(dǎo)。

She said, “What a lovely day it is!”

→She said what a lovely day it was.或She said that it was a lovely day.

5．如果主句謂語動(dòng)詞為各種現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)，則間接引語中的動(dòng)詞仍保持直接引語原來時(shí)態(tài)。如果主句謂語動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)，間接引語中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)按下列變化：

（1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^去時(shí)

（2）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去進(jìn)行時(shí)

（3）一般將來時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去將來時(shí)

（4）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí)

（5）一般過去時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí)

（6）過去完成時(shí)不變，仍為過去完成時(shí)

[注意]

（1）如果直接引語是表示客觀真理時(shí)，變?yōu)殚g接引語，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不改為一般過去時(shí)。如：

The teacher said “The earth goes round the sun.”

→The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

（2）如果直接引語中有明確表示過去時(shí)間的狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)不改為過去完成時(shí)。如：

He said to me, “I was born in 1973.”

→He told me that he was born in 1973.

(3)如果直接引語所述事實(shí)在當(dāng)時(shí)和目前同樣生效，變?yōu)殚g接賓語時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不改為一般過去時(shí)。如：

He said, “Im a boy, not a girl.”

→He said that he is a boy, not a girl.

(4)如果直接引語中的謂語動(dòng)詞表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣動(dòng)作，在變?yōu)殚g接引時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不改為一般過去時(shí)。如：

The girl said, “I get up at six every morning.”

→The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.

(5)如果直接引語中含有since, when, while 引導(dǎo)的表示過去時(shí)間的狀語從句，在變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，只改變主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞，從句的一般過去時(shí)則不變。如：

He said to me, “I have taught English since he came here.”

→He told me that he had taught English since he came here.

(6)如果直接引語中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must, need, had better以及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去式could, might, should, would,在變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，這些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有時(shí)態(tài)的改變。例如：

The teacher said to me. “You must pay more attention to your pronunciation.”→The teacher told me that I must (have to) pay more attention to my pronunciation.

6.代詞等一般地應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的變化。

指示代詞 this—that these—those

表示時(shí)間的詞 now—then today—that day

this week(month, etc)—that week(month, etc)

yesterday—the day before

last week(month)—the week(month) before

three days(a year)ago—three days(a year) before

tomorrow—the next(following ) day

next week(month)—the next(following) week(month)

表地點(diǎn)的詞 here—there

動(dòng)詞 bring—take come—go